Question

describe the three stages of aerobic glucose catabolism including their substrates, products and net energy production.

Answer 1

First stage Glycolysis - Substrate One molecule of Glucose product two molecules of pyruvate.
Net energy -2 ATP + 2NADH.
Ome ATP is utilized when glucose is converted into glucose 6-phosphate and one during the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate.
Two ATP are synthesized when two molecules of 1,3 -bis phosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate.
Two ATP is synthesized when two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate are converted into pyruvate.
2 NADH is produced when glyceralhdye 3-phosphate is converted into1,3 -bis phosphoglycerate i
One NADH gives 2.5 ATP. So overall 5 +2 = 7 ATP.
Second stage- Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl Co-A
Substrate - two molecules of pyruvate, product- Two molecules of Acetyl Co-A and two molecules of Co2 are released during this process. Two NADH is also produced, which gives 5 ATP from the electron transport chain.
Third stage - Kreb's cycle. For one acetyl Co-A
One NADH is synthesized when one molecule of isocitrate is converted into alpha-ketoglutarate.
One NADH is synthesized when one molecule of alpha-ketoglutarate is converted into succinyl Co-A
One NADH is produced when malate is converted into oxaloacetate.
One FADH is synthesized when succinate is converted into Fumarate.
One ATP is synthesized when succinyl Co-A is converted into succinate.
So two molecules of Acetyl Co-A gives 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 2 ATP.

One CO2 is released when one molecule of isocitrate is converted into alpha-ketoglutarate.
One CO2 is released when one molecule of alpha-ketoglutarate is converted into succinyl Co-A
So, overall 6*2.5 + 2*1.5 + 2 = 20 ATP.

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