Question

Meta analysis assignment

answer the following questions

1. What scale was used to assess the quality of each study (3)?

2. # of potential articles identified through database searching (3):

3. # of articles screened based on abstract (2)

4. # of articles obtained for full text evaluation(2)

5. # of articles included in the quantitative meta-analysis(2)

6. How many cohorts were in North America (2)?

7. How many cohorts were in Europe (2)?

8. How was diet measured (3)?

9. How was semi-vegetarian defined (3)?

10. What was the risk ratio and 95% CI for (3):

1. Breast cancer and vegetarian diet
2. Breast cancer and pesco vegetarian diet
3. Breast cancer and semi vegetarian diet

11. What was the risk ratio and 95% CI for (3):

4. Colorectal cancer and vegetarian diet
5. Colorectal cancer and pesco vegetarian diet
6. Colorectal cancer and semi vegetarian diet

12. What was the risk ratio and 95% CI for (3):

7. Prostate cancer and vegetarian diet
8. Prostate cancer and pesco vegetarian diet
1. Prostate cancer and semi-vegetarian diet

13.Was a vegetarian diet associated with a lower risk of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer (3)?

14.A lower risk of which cancer was associated with what kind (s) of diet (3)?

15.Can you explain (hypothesize why) the differences seen in the relationship between the cancers and diet (3)? Hint: What is different about breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer?

class -Epidemiology-NTR

Answer 1

Vegetarian diet is highly associated with all type of cancer as-

Vegan has much lower risk of getting cancer as compare to non-vegetarian because broccoli and other cruciferous species have observed to carry preventive effect of many type of cancer like breast, colorectal and prostate. These vegetable contains substantial amount of glucosinolates which is the class of sulphur containing glycosides along with their breakdown product isothiocyanates. These two substance are capable of modulation of enzyme activity that is crucial for prevention of cancer.

Carcinogenic compound like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heterocyclic amines produces when we cook meat at high temperature. These compound increase carcinogenic potential when interact with nitrogen and become nitrated. And nitrate PAHs have 432 times higher potential to cause mutation that lead to cancer..

A lower risk of colorectal cancer was associated with cruciferous species like cauliflower, Brussels, sprout cabbage etc.

Breast cancer- In case of breast cancer diet plays important role as being over-weight put you at higher risk of breast cancer so diet must be chosen wisely. High dietary fat and sugar intake from meat may increase breast cancer risk and fruit consumption may decrease the risk.

Prostate cancer- Studies found that cow’s milk naturally contains IGF-1 and stimulate the body to produce same which can directly promote cancer. High level of animal fat associated with high amount of sex hormone (testosterone) level and high testosterone level increase the risk of prostate cancer. Hence meat contain lots of fat and elevate IGF-1 level linked to this cancer.

Colorectal cancer- Specific benefits can be taken by fiber, fruit and vegetable, pulses, soya food seed and wholegrain in case of colorectal cancer. These vegetable contains substantial amount of glucosinolates which is the class of sulphur containing glycosides along with their breakdown product isothiocyanates. These compound is good for colorectal cancer.