Which subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are homologous to those in the glycine cleavage system?...
Which subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are homologous to those in the glycine cleavage system? Explain the role of each cofactor in the glycine cleavage system as it compares to those in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Homework Answers
Glycine cleavage system and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes share the same Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. In both the cases NAD+ and FAD are the cofactors and it is converted to NADH +H+ and FADH2 after the reaction is completed (Pyruvate is converted to Acetate and Glycine to Serine for Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and Glycine cleavage system respectively).
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Which subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are
homologous to those in the glycine cleavage system?...
Write out the reaction catalyzed by the E2 enzymatic component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Describe...
Write out the reaction catalyzed by the E2 enzymatic component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Describe the specific role of each cofactor in this reaction.
(a) Match a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase with function given in the box. Cofactor A. Coenzyme...
(a) Match a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase with function given in the box. Cofactor A. Coenzyme A (COA-SH) B. NAD C. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) D. FAD E. Lipoamide in oxidized form Functions: Acyl acceptor Electron sink Nucleophile A swinging arm General base ® Oxidizer © Electron conduit Hydrogen atom carrier Reductant (b) Which one of the five steps of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is most likely to be metabolically irreversible? Explain.
Which of the following would not be consistent with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? aGeneration of NADH...
Which of the following would not be consistent with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? aGeneration of NADH and acetyl CoA b. Inhibition of the complex by pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase C. Inhibition by acetyl CoA, NADH, and ATP d. Stimulation by phosphoenolpyruvate
1. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. What are the steps that pyruvate undergoes?...
1. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. What are the steps that pyruvate undergoes? Which coenzymes are involved in each step? 2. Mitochondrial extracts from pigeon breast muscle were incubated with Experiment 1: Amytal, an inhibitor of complex I Experiment 2: Malonate, a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase Which experiment will yield more ATP when the cycle is primed with intermediates?
(5 points): The alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex uses three proteins and 5 different co-factors to convert pyruvate...
(5 points): The alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex uses three proteins and 5 different co-factors to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Identify these three proteins and five co-factors and describe the chemical role that each plays in the reaction mechanism of the a-KGDH complex. Write the balanced equation for the overall reaction catalyzed by this enzyme.
Lipoamide is a coenzyme prosthetic group for several enzymes, including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In the...
Lipoamide is a coenzyme prosthetic group for several enzymes,
including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In the pyruvate
dehydrogenase reaction the prosthetic group cycles through three
distinct structural forms: the oxidized form, the reduced form, and
the reduced form with an acetyl group bound. Modify the three
partial structures below to represent these three structural forms.
R–NH represents a lysine amino residue of the dihydrolipoyl
transacetylase subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase, to which the
lipoamide is attached.
R-NH R-NH R-NH If you...
15. Genetic defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex lead a. maple syrup urine disease b. phenyike d....
15. Genetic defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex lead a. maple syrup urine disease b. phenyike d. lactic acidemia e. pellagra syrup urine disease b, phenylketonuria c. galactosemia 10. Chemical modification by phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydros a. deactivates the enzyme b. activates the enzyme lation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : 17. Pyruvate carboxylase is positively ated through the allosteric mechanism by : a. ATP b. NADH c. Acetyl-SCOA d. TPP e. Biotin 18. Which of the listed coenzymes does not particip...
Identify the statements that accurately describe the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Select all...
Identify the statements that accurately describe the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Select all that apply. A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex. Several copies each fo E_1 and E_3 surround E_2. E_2 contains three domains. The complex contains multiplex is made up of several copies of E_1.
I1. Mammals lack the enzyme a. Lactate dehydrogenase b. Pyruvate kinase Alcohol Dehydrogenase c. d. Pyruvate...
I1. Mammals lack the enzyme a. Lactate dehydrogenase b. Pyruvate kinase Alcohol Dehydrogenase c. d. Pyruvate decarboxylase None of the above are correct e. 12. The first reaction of the Krebs cycle combines Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA to make Citrate b. a. Malate and NADH to make Citrate a-ketoglutarate and citrate to make CO2 d. c- Succinate and Citrate to make Oxaloacetate 13. The electrons held by NADH and FADH, are donated to the which complexes in the ETC respectively?...
Question 18 3 pts You have a solution that contains the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and all...
Question 18 3 pts You have a solution that contains the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and all of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, but none of the intermediates of the citric acid. If you add 3.0 mM each of pyruvate, coenzyme A, NAD, FAD, GDP, and Pi (inorganic phosphate), how much CO, would be produced? Assume all of the enzymes are 100% active. OOCO2 (none) 1.5 mM CO 3.0 mM CO2 6.0 MM CO2 9.0 mM CO2
Write out the reaction catalyzed by the E2 enzymatic component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Describe the specific role of each cofactor in this reaction.
(a) Match a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase with function given in the box. Cofactor A. Coenzyme A (COA-SH) B. NAD C. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) D. FAD E. Lipoamide in oxidized form Functions: Acyl acceptor Electron sink Nucleophile A swinging arm General base ® Oxidizer © Electron conduit Hydrogen atom carrier Reductant (b) Which one of the five steps of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is most likely to be metabolically irreversible? Explain.
Which of the following would not be consistent with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? aGeneration of NADH and acetyl CoA b. Inhibition of the complex by pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase C. Inhibition by acetyl CoA, NADH, and ATP d. Stimulation by phosphoenolpyruvate
Lipoamide is a coenzyme prosthetic group for several enzymes,
including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In the pyruvate
dehydrogenase reaction the prosthetic group cycles through three
distinct structural forms: the oxidized form, the reduced form, and
the reduced form with an acetyl group bound. Modify the three
partial structures below to represent these three structural forms.
R–NH represents a lysine amino residue of the dihydrolipoyl
transacetylase subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase, to which the
lipoamide is attached.
R-NH R-NH R-NH If you...
15. Genetic defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex lead a. maple syrup urine disease b. phenyike d. lactic acidemia e. pellagra syrup urine disease b, phenylketonuria c. galactosemia 10. Chemical modification by phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydros a. deactivates the enzyme b. activates the enzyme lation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : 17. Pyruvate carboxylase is positively ated through the allosteric mechanism by : a. ATP b. NADH c. Acetyl-SCOA d. TPP e. Biotin 18. Which of the listed coenzymes does not particip...
Identify the statements that accurately describe the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Select all that apply. A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex. Several copies each fo E_1 and E_3 surround E_2. E_2 contains three domains. The complex contains multiplex is made up of several copies of E_1.
I1. Mammals lack the enzyme a. Lactate dehydrogenase b. Pyruvate kinase Alcohol Dehydrogenase c. d. Pyruvate decarboxylase None of the above are correct e. 12. The first reaction of the Krebs cycle combines Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA to make Citrate b. a. Malate and NADH to make Citrate a-ketoglutarate and citrate to make CO2 d. c- Succinate and Citrate to make Oxaloacetate 13. The electrons held by NADH and FADH, are donated to the which complexes in the ETC respectively?...
Question 18 3 pts You have a solution that contains the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and all of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, but none of the intermediates of the citric acid. If you add 3.0 mM each of pyruvate, coenzyme A, NAD, FAD, GDP, and Pi (inorganic phosphate), how much CO, would be produced? Assume all of the enzymes are 100% active. OOCO2 (none) 1.5 mM CO 3.0 mM CO2 6.0 MM CO2 9.0 mM CO2
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