Question

-How did Sufism's main focus differ from the influences that Islam had gained from contact with...

-How did Sufism's main focus differ from the influences that Islam had gained from contact with both the Persian and Byzantine Empires? at least 2 differences

-Explain two (2) of the issues that led to the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate?

-Who were the Mamluks and why were they significant or important to the caliph?

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Answer #1

PERSIAN AND BYZANTINE:

  • Towards the end of the Abbasid Caliphate, the formerly vast and united Islamic empire became fragmented and decentralized.
  • Many different groups rules areas previously held by the Abbasids.
  • Religious institutions became more defined during this period as state power waned.
  • Trade contributed to the spread of Islamic culture and led to a growing feeling of internationalism.

ABBASIDS :

Ancient history is full of rise and fall of empire upon empire. For instance there were the Romans the Greeks the Franks and the Ottomans.Turning our eyes towards the Middle East , there were also the abbasids who ruled the arab world from about 750 AD to 1258AD. In todays lesson we will take a look at the Abbasids giving a briefsurvey of their rule while also exploring why they eventually fell.

MAMLUKS:

The mamluks were originally enslaved bodyguards of the Abbasid Caliphs of the Islamic Empire . Starting around 850AD the Abbasid Caliphs captured or bought young boys who are were not muslims as slaves.

The caliphs brought the boys up to be sunni musl soliders in a slave army. These men made a great army . There soon got to be more and more Mamluks.

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