Question

Karen is a 66-year-old grandmother of five, She worked in an office as a legal secretary for many years before recently retiring. Due to her job and busy lifestyle, she often skipped breakfast and relied on coffee to see her through to lunch, which she usually bought from one of the food trucks outside her office building. Her favorite lunch was a sliced pork sandwich and pickle from the deli meat truck. She continued drinking coffee into the afternoon, and then sometimes at home after dinner. Despite her retirement, her dietary practices remain essentially the same, except that she buys meats from the grocery store and makes her own sandwiches now. Karen rarely ever drinks plain water, herbal tea, juice, or milk-black coffee and red wine are her only sources of hydration. For many years, Karen has battled kidney stones, high blood pressure, headaches, and chronic fatigue. How have Karen's dietary habits contributed to her health issues and what changes should she make to her routine? 1. Although Karen drinks a moderate amount of fluid each day, all of it (except the wine) contains caffeine-a diuretic that stimulates the body to urinate. Assuming that Karen is getting enough fluid to offset coffee's diuretic effect, what potential conditions related to chronically low fluid intake levels (dehydration) might she need to be aware of? a heart attack, stroke, and diabetes b. gallstones, urinary tract infections, and diabetes c. atherosclerosis, hypotension, and migraines d. kidney stones, hypertension, and constipation e. glaucoma, cataracts, and night blindness 2. On average, Karen drinks about five mugs of coffee and one glass of red wine per day. According to government recommendations, how many cups of fluid per day should be consumed via beverages by American women? a. 12 cups b. 9 cups c. 10 cups d. 13 cups e. 11 cups 3. Karen noticed that her taste perception is a little off and she has noticed that her appetite is lower than normal. Which of the following minerals could she be deficient in? a. zinc b. fluoride

Answer 1

1) The correct option is (d) i.e kidney stones, hypertension, and constipation.

Low fluid intake levels causes kidney stones, hypertension, and constipation.

All the conditions in other options are not due to the low fluid intake.

2) The correct option is (b) i.e 9 cups.

The recommended cups of fluid per day that should be consumed via beverages by American women is 9 cups.

Other options are not correct because they do not have above value.

3) The correct option is (a) i.e Zinc.

Deficiency of Zinc causes loss of appetite.

Other options does not causes loss of appetite.

4) The correct option is (e) i.e turkey with a spinach salad and a glass of soy milk.

Turkey meat, Spinach, and Soy milk are rich in magnesium.

5) The correct option is (c) i.e fiber

Fiber binds with calcium to form fiber - mineral complex which is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. This is why fiber inhibits the absorption of calcium.

6) The correct option is (b) i.e 600 mg

It is because 6 grams of table salt is equivalent to 2400 mg of sodium. Therefore, 1.5 grams of table salt will be equivalent to 600 mg of sodium.

7) The correct option is (d) i.e baked potatoes and orange juice.

Baked potatoes and orange juice are rich in potassium.

Other options does not contains high amount of potassium.

8) The correct option is (a) i.e iron

Calcium inhibits the intestinal absorption of iron.

​​​​​​Absorption of minerals in other choices are not inhibited by calcium.