Question

is this an observational or human intervention study.

Restate the findings in your own words.

b. Objective: Whole grain consumption has long been associated with human health. However, ts relationship with breast cancer remains not well understood and appreciated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between whole grain consumption and breast cancer in women. Methods: A case-control study was designed. Two hundred and fifty consecutive, newly diagnosed breast cancer female patients (56 12 years) and 250 one-to-one age-matched controls were enrolled. A standardized, validated questionnaire assessing various sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics interviews. Moreover, data on regular consumption of whole grains (i.e., never/rarely, 1- 6 times/week, >7 times/week) were recorded. Overall dietary habits were assessed through the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet using the MedDietScore (theoretical range 0-55). Results: Whole grain consumption of more than 7 times/week was associated with a 0.49-fold (odds ratio 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.29, 0.82) lower likelihood of having breast cancer, after adjustments were made. Conclusions : This study suggested that whole grain consumption more than 7 times/week was consistently associated with reduced risk of breast cancer. Niki Mourouti MSc et al., Whole grain consumption and breast cancer. Journal of the Americar College of Nutrition. Published online April 27, 2015 applied through face-to-face was Type of Study: Findings of the actual study (in your own words)

Answer 1

Is this an observational or human intervention study? This is an observational study. An observational study is made when researchers just observe the effect of a risk factor (in this case the whole grain consumption) without trying to change which individual is exposed or not to the risk factor. On the other hand, there two main types of observational studies: cohort study and case control study. The case control study is used when researches select people with an existing health problem (Breast cancer) and without the problem (controls). Finally, they are compared to stablish a conclusion Restate the findings in your own words. This study found out that the consumption of whole grain is related with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Interestingly, It's unusual that researchers stablish these kind of associations but in science, these kind of studies has to be made to propose more extensive studies. From now, researchers can make other kind of studies (intervention studies) to improve their conclusions.