Question

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What are the Pharmacological Calcification, Indication& Contraindication, Major Side and Adverse effects of

Cholestyramine, Gemfibrozil, Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone, Dextran 40, Sodium Chloride,   Potassium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 1

CHOLESTYRAMINE:

Cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant, which binds bile in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent its reabsorption. It also used to reduce high cholesterol levels in the blood. More commonly used in patients with a) Adjunctive therapy to reduce elevated serum cholesterol level in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia b) Pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction c) used in the treatment for pesticide poisoning ( to bind the poison in the intestine), treatment of thyroid hormone overdose, treatment of digitalis toxicity. It is contraindicated in patients with a) complete biliary obstruction and b) hypersensitivity reaction.  The major side effects of this drugs include: a) black, tarry stools b) stomach pain with severe nausea and vomiting c) constipation d) heartburn or indigestion, e) osteoporosis f) skin rashes g) hyperchloremic acidosis and h) hemorrhoids.

GEMFIBROZIL:

This drug is used to lower lipid levels. It is used to treat a) hyperlipidemia and b) hypertriglyceridemia. It is contraindicated in patients with a) hepatic dysfunction b) biliary tract disease c) renal dysfunction d) pregnant women and e) obese patients. The side effects of this drug includes a) allergic reaction such as hives, difficulty in breathing, swelling of face,lips,tongue or throat, b) stomach pain, indigestion, diarrhea c) numbness or tingly feeling d) dizziness e) blurred vision f) muscle pain and g) loss of interest in sex, impotence.

FUROSEMIDE:

It is a type of Loop Diuretic used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring or kidney diseases. it is also used to treat high blood pressure. Common side effects includes a) low blood pressure with standing b) vertigo c) electrolyte abnormalities d) frequent urination and e) blurred vision. The adverse of this drug may lead to GOUT caused by hyperuricemia. It is used in patients to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver and renal diseases. Contraindicated in patients with hyponatremia, hypovolemia and anuria.

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE:

It is a thiazide diuretic medication often used to treat blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build-up. Potential side effects include poor kidney function, electrolyte imbalance, gout, high blood sugar and low blood pressure with standing. The adverse effect include hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia and hypercalcemia. It is used in patients with high blood pressure and edema. It helps the kidney to remove fluid from the body and is contraindicated in patients with urination problem, who are taking potassium-sparing agents and hypersensitivity.