Question

Question 13 0.5 / 1 pts Mark all the enzymes that are unique to fatty acid synthesis. Enoyl CoA hydratase Thiolase Enoyl reductase Acetyl CoA carboxylase

I partially answered these questions. however I still havnt got the full credit. please let me know and I will rate your answer. thanks.

Answer 1

Question 13-

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes synthesis of malonyl-CoA, is the only regulated enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. Its regulation involves both allosteric control and covalent modification. The enzyme is known to be phosphorylated by both AMP Kinase and Protein Kinase.

Question 9-

From the options given only  Δ³,Δ²-enoyl-CoA isomerase is involved in mono-unsaturated fatty acid oxidation. However, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids requires two additional enzymes to the complement of enzymes for beta oxidation. If the beta oxidation of the fatty acid produces an intermediate with a cis bond between carbons three and four, Δ³,Δ²-enoyl-CoA isomerase will convert the bond to a trans bond between carbons two and three and beta oxidation can proceed as normal.

Question 10-

2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase is an important auxiliary enzyme in the beta-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. If beta oxidation produces an intermediate with a cis double bond between carbons four and five, the first step of beta oxidation occurs to produce an intermediate with a trans double bond between carbons two and three and a cis double bond between carbons four and five. The enzyme 2,4 dienoyl CoA reductase reduces this intermediate to one with a single cis bond between carbons three and four. This intermediate is then identical to the one acted on by Δ³,Δ²-enoyl-CoA isomerase above, which converts it into a regular beta oxidation intermediate.

Question 2-

ATP, Coenzyme A, Carnitine acyltransferase

Convertion of the fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA. Fatty acyl-CoA is formed by the formation of thioester bond between the carboxyl group of the fatty acid and the thiol group of coenzyme A. This reaction also involves use of energy, by breakdown of ATP to AMP + PP_i and is an irreversible reaction. This activated fatty acid (fatty acyl-CoA) is now transported through the outer mitochondrial membrane with the help of carnitine acyltransferase.