Stress–Strain Behavior (Polymers)
Compute the elastic moduli for the following polymers, whose stress–strain behaviors can be observed in the Tensile Tests module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE) (which is found in WileyPLUS):
(a) high-density polyethylene
(b) nylon
(c) phenol-formaldehyde (Bakelite)
How do these values compare with those presented in Table 7.1 for the same polymers?
Table 7.1 Room-Temperature Elastic and Shear Moduli and Poisson’s Ratio for Various Materials
| Poisson’s Ratio | Shear Modulus |
| ||
Material | GPa | 106 psi | GPa | 106 psi | Poisson’s Ratio |
Metal Alloys | |||||
Tungsten | 407 | 59 | 160 | 23.2 | 0.28 |
Steel | 207 | 30 | 83 | 12.0 | 0.30 |
Nickel | 207 | 30 | 76 | 11.0 | 0.31 |
Titanium | 107 | 15.5 | 45 | 6.5 | 0.34 |
Copper | 110 | 16 | 46 | 6.7 | 0.34 |
Brass | 97 | 14 | 37 | 5.4 | 0.34 |
Aluminum | 69 | 10 | 25 | 3.6 | 0.33 |
Magnesium | 45 | 6.5 | 17 | 2.5 | 0.35 |
Ceramic Materials | |||||
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) | 393 | 57 | — | — | 0.22 |
Silicon carbide (SiC) | 345 | 50 | — | — | 0.17 |
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) | 304 | 44 | — | — | 0.30 |
Spinel (MgAl2O4) | 260 | 38 | — | — | — |
Magnesium oxide (MgO) | 225 | 33 | — | — | 0.18 |
Zirconia (ZrO2)a | 205 | 30 | — | — | 0.31 |
Mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2) | 145 | 21 | — | — | 0.24 |
Glass–ceramic (Pyroceram) | 120 | 17 | — | — | 0.25 |
Fused silica (SiO2) | 73 | 11 | — | — | 0.17 |
Soda–lime glass | 69 | 10 | — | — | 0.23 |
Polymersb | |||||
Phenol-formaldehyde | 2.76–4.83 | 0.40–0.70 | — | — | — |
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) | 2.41–4.14 | 0.35–0.60 | — | — | 0.38 |
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) | 2.76–4.14 | 0.40–0.60 | — | — | 0.33 |
Polystyrene (PS) | 2.28–3.28 | 0.33–0.48 | — | — | 0.33 |
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) | 2.24–3.24 | 0.33–0.47 | — | — | 0.37–0.44 |
Polycarbonate (PC) | 2.38 | 0.35 | — | — | 0.36 |
Nylon 6,6 | 1.59–3.79 | 0.23–0.55 | — | — | 0.39 |
Polypropylene (PP) | 1.14–1.55 | 0.17–0.23 | — | — | 0.40 |
Polyethylene—high density (HDPE) | 1.08 | 0.16 | — | — | 0.46 |
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) | 0.40–0.55 | 0.058–0.080 | — | — | 0.46 |
Polyethylene—low density (LDPE) | 0.17–0.28 | 0.025–0.041 | — | — | 0.33–0.40 |
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