In this chapter, we focused on the genetic code and the transcription of genetic information stored in DNA into complementary RNA molecules. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:
(a) Why did geneticists believe, even before direct experimental evidence was obtained, that the genetic code would turn out to be composed of triplet sequences and be nonoverlapping? Experimentally, how were these suppositions shown to be correct?
(b) What experimental evidence provided the initial insights into the compositions of codons encoding specific amino acids?
(c) How were the specific sequences of triplet codes determined experimentally?
(d) How were the experimentally derived triplet codon assignments verified in studies using bacteriophage MS2?
(e) What evidence do we have that the expression of the information encoded in DNA involves an RNA intermediate?
(f) How do we know that the initial transcript of a eukaryotic gene contains noncoding sequences that must be removed before accurate translation into proteins can occur?
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