The concept of consensus sequences of DNA was defined in this chapter as sequences that are similar (homologous) in different genes of the same organism or in genes of different organisms. Examples were the Pribnow box and the −35 region in prokaryotes and the TATA-box region in eukaryotes. One study found that among 73 isolates from the virus HIV-Type 1C (a major contributor to the AIDS epidemic), a GGGNNNNNCC consensus sequence exists (where N equals any nitrogenous base) in the promoter–enhancer region of the NF-κB transcription factor, a cis-acting element that is critical for initiating HIV transcription in human macrophages (Novitsky et al., 2002). The authors contend that finding this and other conserved sequences may be of value in designing an AIDS vaccine. What advantages would knowing these consensus sequences confer? Are there disadvantages as a vaccine is designed?
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