Although tobacco smoking is responsible for a large number of human cancers, not all smokers develop cancer. Similarly, some people who inherit mutations in the tumor-suppressor genes p53 or RB1 never develop cancer. Explain these observations.
? HINT: This problem asks you to consider the reasons why only some people develop cancer as a result of environmental factors or mutations in tumor-suppressor genes. The key to its solution is to consider the steps involved in the development of cancer and the number of abnormal functions in cancer cells. Also, consider how genetics may affect DNA repair functions.
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