Short-term memory study. A group of University of Florida psychologists investigated the effects of age and gender on the short-term memory of adults. (Cognitive Aging Conference, Apr. 1996.) Each in a sample of 152 adults was asked to place 20 common household items (e.g., eyeglasses, keys, hat, hammer) into the rooms of a computer-image house. After performing some unrelated activities, each subject was asked to recall the locations of the objects they had placed. The number of correct responses (out of 20) was recorded.
a. The researchers theorized that women would have a higher mean recall score than men. Set up the null and alternative hypotheses to test this theory.
b. Refer to part a. The 43 men in the study had a mean recall score of 13.5, while the 109 women had a mean recall score of 14.4. The observed significance level for comparing these two means was found to be p = .0001. Interpret this value.
c. The researchers also hypothesized that younger adults would have a higher mean recall score than older adults. Set up H0 and Ha to test this theory.
d. The observed significance level for the test of part c was reported as p = .0001. Interpret this result.
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