(a) Example 10-1. Combine Table 10-1, Figure 10-4, and Exampel 10-1 the maximum and minimu...

(a) Example 10-1. Combine Table 10-1, Figure 10-4, and Exampel 10-1 the maximum and minimum rates of reaction m (mol/g cat/s) for (I)' the isomerization of 11-pentane, (2) the oxidation SO2 and (3) the hydration of ethylene. Assume the dispersion IS 50% m all cases as the amount of catalyst at 1%.

Figure P10-4A Hüls TBA synthesis process R, reactor : C4, C4 column: C8, C8 column; AC, azeotrope column; TC, TBA column. (Adapted from R.E. Meyers, Ed., Handbook of Chemicals Production Processes, Chemical Process Technology Handbook series, McGraw-Hill New York, 1983,P. 1.19-3. ISBN 0-67-041 765-2.)

(b) Example 10-2. (1) What is the fraction of vacant sites at 60%_ conversion? (2) At 80% and 1 atm, what is the fraction of toluene sites? (3) How would you linearize the rate law to evaluate the parameters k, KB, and K from various linear plots? Explain.

(c) Example 10-3. (1) What if the entering pressure were increased to 80 atm or reduced 1 atm, how would your answers change? (2) What if the molar flow rate were reduced by 50%, how would X and y change? What catalyst weight would be required for 60% conversion?

(d) Example 10-4. (1) How would your answers change if the following data for Run 10 were incorporated in your regression table?

(1) How do the rate laws (e) and (f)

compare with the other rate laws?

Example 10-5. (1) Sketch X vs. t for various values of kd and k. Pay particular attention to the ratio ldkd. (2) Repeat (1) for this example (i.e., the plotting of X vs. t) for a second-order reaction with (CAo = 1 mol/dm3) and first-order decay. (3) Repeat (2) for this example for a first-order reaction and first-order decay. (4) Repeat (1) for this example for a second- order reaction (CAo = 1 mol/dm3) and a second-order decay.

(f) Example 10-6. What if ... (1) the space time were changed? How would the minimum reactant concentration change? Compare your results with the case when the reactor is full of inerts at time t = 0 instead of 80% reactant. Is your catalyst lifetime longer or shorter? (2) What if the temperature were increased so that the specific rate constants increase to k = 120h- 1 and kd = 12 dm3/mol • h? Would your catalyst lifetime be longer or shorter than at the lower temperature? (3) Describe how the minimum in reactant concentration changes as the space time 1 changes? What is the minimum if τ = 0.005 h? If τ = 0.01 h?

(g) Example 10-7. (1) What if the solids and reactants entered from opposite ends of the reactor? How would your answers change? (2) What if the decay in the moving bed were second order? By how much must the catalyst charge, U5 , be increased to obtain the same conversion? (3) What if ε = 2 (e.g., A → 3B) instead of zero, how would the results be affected?

(h) Example 10-8. (I) What if you varied the parameters PA0, Ug, A, and k’ in the STIR? What parameter has the greatest effect on either increasingor decreasing the conversion? Ask questions such as: What is the effectof varying the ratio of k to Ug or of k to A on the conversion? Make a plotof conversion versus distance as Ug is varied between 0.5 and 50 m/s. Sketch the activity and conversion profiles for Ug == 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 m/s. What generalizations can you make? Plot the exit conversion andactivity as a function of gas velocity between velocities of 0.02 and 50m/s. What gas velocity do you suggest operating at? What is the correspondingentering volumetric flow rate? What concerns do you haveoperating at the velocity you selected? Would you like to choose anothervelocity? If so, what is it?

(i) What if you were asked to sketch the temperature- time trajectories and to find the catalyst lifetimes for first- and for second-order decay when EA = 35 kcal/mol, Ed= 10 kcal/mol, kdo = 0.01 day-1 , and To = 400 K? How would the trajectory of the catalyst lifetime change if EA = 10 kcal/mol and Ed = 35 kcal/mol? At what values of kdo and ratios of Ed to EA would temperature- time trajectories not be effective? What would your temperature-time trajectory look like if n = 1 + Ed/EA?

(j) Write a question for this problem that involves critical thinking and explain why it involves critical thinking.