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ACTIVE EARNING TEMPLATE System Disorder STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISE ASE PROCEs Cardiovascular and H ematoloaic disorder R REMEW MODULE CHAPTER Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ASSESSMENT SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Risk Factors Expected Findings Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Proce dures PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Complications Nursing Care Medications Client Education Therapeutic Procedures Interprofessional CarePlease type thanks :)

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CARDIOVASCULAR AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDER

Diagnosis ; Atherosclerosis.

   Pathophysiology

                 * Due to high blood pressure,high cholesterol level and smoking result in damages

                   occur in the endothelium lining of wall of artery.

                 * Accumulation of fat,cholesterol in this walls (plaque formation) of artery leads to

                    hardening of artery,clot formation and obstruct the blood flow.

                  * If the blood flow through the coronary arteries obstruct due to plaque formation which

                     result in myocardial infarction and other heart problems.

Heath promotion and disease prevention

                * Avoid use of saturated fats and food containing high level of LDH cholesterol.

                  (eg; red meat,buter,ice cream,fried chicken,shell fish etc.)

                * Quit smoking.

                * Regular exercises and balanced diet.

                * Take regular treatment if the patient is diabetic or hypertensive.

ASSESSMENT

       Risk factors

                   * Obesity.

                   * Hypertension.

                   * Diabetic melitus.

                   * Old age.

                   * Chronic smoker.

                   * Sedentary life style.

     Expected findings.

                   * Chest pain or angina.

                   * Confusion.

                   * Hypertension.

                   * High LDL level.

                   * Mini strokes if plaque rupture and clots enter into circulation in the brain.

                   * Pheripheral artery diseases.

                   * Aneurysms.

                   * Heart attack.

                   * Pulmoary embolism.

   Lab tests

                 * Serum cholesterol level.

               * Blood sugar level.

                 * Blood protein level.

   Diagnostic procedures.

                 * Angiogram (Arteriogram)

                 * Chest x ray.

                 * Echocardiogram.

                 * CT scan.

                 * Exercise stress test.

                 * Electrocardiogram.

                 * Doppler ultrasound.

PATIENT CENTERED CARE

                * Nursing care.

                         * Prepare a balanced diet plan for the patient to reduce bad cholesterol (LDL)level.

                         * Management of symptoms like pain,weakness through medicines and fluids as

                            per physicians order.

                         * Provide relaxation therapy to reduce stress level of patient.

                         * Educate patient about importance of avoiding smoking habit to control and prevent

                           the disease.

             * Therapeutic procedures

                         * Pharmacological therapy.(Antiplatelets to prevent clot formation.)

                         * Angioplasty.(surgical repair of blood vessel)

                         * Stent placement.(placing stents in the artery to remove obstruction and avoid

                            plaque formation).

             * Medications

                         * Antiplatelets.( To prevent clot formation).

                         * Statins.(To reduce high LDL level)

                                 *Atovastatin,pravastatin,lovastatin etc.

                         * Beta blockers. ( Reduce heart rate and blood pressure.)

                                 * Metaprolol,atenolol etc.

                         * ACE inhibitors. (control progression of atherosclerosis by lowering blood pressure.)

                                 * Enalapril,captopril etc.

                         * Calcium channel blockers. (Reduce blood pressure)

                                 * Amlodipine,diltiazem etc.

                         * Diuretics (Reduce boold pressure.)

                                 * Furosemide

             * Client education

                               * Educate about avoiding bad habits like smoking and overuse of alcohol.

                               * Teach to do regular exercises which increase HDL (Good cholesterol) level.

                               * Educate to follow a balanced diet and avoid use of spicy foods.

                               * Use medicines to control hypertension,diabetic melitus to reduce the risk

                                 of progression of atherosclerosis.

            * Interprofessional care

                               * Help the patient to maintain normal nutritional pattern.

                               * Assist in medication administration and surgical procedure.

                               * Report any complications like stroke,myocardial infarction occur during

                                 the period of treatment to physician immediately.

                               * Promote patient to do physical activities.

                               * Educate to practice good life style and avoid bad habits.

            * Safety considerations

                               * Restrict intake of foods which contain saturated fats.

                               * Check the patient for risk of bleeding after stent placement or surgical repair.

          * Complications

                               * Coronary artery disease.

                               * Myocardial infarction.

                               * Stroke.

                               * Heart failure.

                              

                          

            

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