Question

System Disorder ACTIVE LE ARNING TEMPLATE STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS REMEW MODULE CHAPTER | 13 - Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Health Promotion and Disease Prevention SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ASSESSMENT Risk Factors Expected Findings Laborator? Tests Diagnostic Proce dures Com PATIENT CENTERED CARE Medications Client Education Nursing Care Interprofessional Care Therapeutic Procedures
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Answer 1

SYSTEM DISORDER

Gastrointestinal system disorder

   * Diagnosis: Gastroenteritis.(Inflammation of stomach and intestine)

   * Pathophysiology

            * In normal conditions human intestinal flora protect the bowel from colonization of pathogens.

            * But in can be disrupted by harmful bacteria and viruses or depressed by antibiotic therapy

               which result in inflammation and damages of tissues in the stomach and intestine.

            * This pathogens (eg.clostridium difficle) invading and destruct mucus lining of both stomach

               and intestine leads to bleeding and ulceration.

            * Due to this pathological processes normal functioning of gastrointestinal tract is impaired.

     * Heath promotion and disease prevention.

             * Handwashing before preparation food is imporant to prevent chances entering pathogens

                in the body through food.

             * Avoid habit of eating raw foods which increase risk of the entry of pathogen into the body.

             * Wash raw food items clearly before begin to cook.

             * Water used for food preparation and drinking should be clean and boiled to prevent chances

                of infection.

      * Assessment

              * Risk factors

                          * Contaminated food.

                          * Contaminated water.

                          * Lack of personal hygiene.

                          * Contaminated environment. (cloths,kitchen equipments etc).

               * Expected findings.

                          * Abdominal pain.

                          * Nausea.

                          * Vomitting.

                          * Fever.

                          * Anorexia.

                          * Hyperactive bowel sounds (borborygmi).

                          * Staining on defecation (tenesmus)

                          * Abdominal distension.

          * Laboratory tests

                          * Stool examination.

                          * Complete blood count (CBC) test.

                          * Latex agglutination test (to detect clostridium difficle).

                          * ELISA (Enzyme linked immunoassay) test to detect Astrovirus that cause

                             gastroenteritis.

       * Diagnostic procedures

                         * Upper GI endoscopic examination.

                         * Biopsy with histological examination of intestine.

   * Patient centered care

                   * Nursing care.

                              * Promoting optimal nutritional status of the patient through administration

                                of fluid and nutrients by parenteral routes.

                              * Reduce the anxiety level of patient by giving psychological support.

                        * Assess the pain level of the patient and give analgesics as per physicians

                                order.

                              * Routine examination of intake and output of patient.

                              * Assess for any signs of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis like tachy cardia,hypotension,

                                hematemesis and inform physician immediately.

              * Medications

                            * Antibiotics (eg; Erythromycin,Cefixime,Tetracyclins etc.)

                            * Proton pump inhibitors (eg; Aspirin,omeprazole etc)

                            * Antiemetics (Emeset ).

                            * Antiviral agents (Antirotaviral immunoglobulin)

                            * Anti diarrheal drugs (Loperamide,Bismuth subsalicylate etc).

         * Client education

                            * Assess the knowledge level of patient regarding gastroenteritis and teach

                              them preventive measures like hygienic food practices and food prefered

                              after developing gastroenteritis.

                            * Give a list of substances that need to be avoided for reduce chances gastro

                               intestinal problems like Caffene,alcohol,nicotine,spicy foods and irritating

                               highly seasoned foods.

                            * Teach the patient to use cooked food items instead of raw foods to avoid

                               GI irritation and infection.

          * Therapeutic procedures

                            * Oral rehydration therapy.(Fluid replacement therapy)

                            * Pharmacological therapy.(Use of antiemetics,antibiotics,antimotility agents etc).

                            * Dietry management.(Avioding spicy and raw foods.)

       * Interprofessional care

                            * It include maintainance of normal nutritional status of the patient by

                              provide adequate nutrients,electrolytes and fluids through intravenous

                              route.

                            * Symptomatic management to control vomitting,diarrhoea and inflammation.

                            * Providing education for participate the patient in recovery process.

                            * Counseling sessions to control the anxiety level of patient.

      * Complications

                  * Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.(Bleeding from inflammation sites of stomach and intestine.)

                * Severe diarrhoea.

* Dehydration.

* Sepsis.(Systemic infection due to pathogens release toxic product into circulation.)

   * Safety considerations.        

                 * It can spread through contaminated food and water so do hygienic practices when

                   preparing food.

                  * Avoid use of foods which irritate gastrointestinal mucus lining like spicy and raw type

                    of foods.

                  * If any reactions of food allergy like vomitting,nausea,diarrhoea occur seek medical

                    immediate medical assistance to avoid further complications like inflammation and

                    infection in gastro intestinal system.