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Nursing Care of Children online practice 2016A (Please type :))

CTVELEAININGTEMP A System Disorder STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS Pittuitary Disorders: Acromegaly REMEW MODULE C Alte

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ALTERATION IN HEALTH DIAGNOSIS- ACROMEGALY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Increased secretion of growth hormone during adulthood is known as acromegaly. Benign pituitary adenomas leads to Increased secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone from hypothalamus followed by excess secretion of growth hormone and insulin like growth factor 1.Insulin receptors and insulin like growth factor 1 binds leads to stimulation of cell growth and proliferation and inhibits the programmed cell death.These all leads to the symptoms of acromegaly.

HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION

Acromegaly usually develop slowly.People with family history of pituitary adenoma should be monitor at regular interval in order to provide early treatment and prevent complications

ASSESSMENT

Risk factors

  • Adrenal tumors
  • Maccun Albright syndrome
  • Family history of pituitary adenoma
  • Lung cancers
  • Early menopausal females
  • Surgical induced menopause

Expected findings

  • Maxilo facial changes-Teeth splaying,prominent eye brows,square face
  • Cardiovascular problems-hypertension left ventricular hypertrophy,myopathy
  • Enlarged soft tissues,Athralgia
  • hyperhydrosis
  • visual defects
  • increase isk of getting cancer colon
  • oligomenorrhea
  • decreased libido
  • painful arthropathy
  • obtructive sleep apnea
  • carpal tunnel syndrome

Laboratory tests

  1. Increased serum insulin like growth factor
  2. OGTT with baseline growth hormone-If growth hormone not suppressed confirmed case of acromegaly

Diagnostic findings

  • Increased growth hormone and prolactin
  • Growth hormone assay
  • Growth hormone levels after GTT
  • Pituitary MRI-Shows visible mass
  • Tumor DNA analysis-Shows activating mutation of adenylyl cyclase

PATIENT CENTERED CARE

Medications

  1. Growth hormone receptor antagonist-pegvisomant,
  2. Dopamin agonists-Bromocriptine
  3. Somatostatin analogs-octerotide

Theraputic pocedures

  • Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
  • Radiation therapy

Nursing care

Peopeative-

  • Provide education about the disease,medication to take and give emotional support
  • Prepare for surgery
  • Encourage the patient to interact with the family
  • Reassure the patient about the physical defomities

Post operative

  • Assess the baseline vital signs
  • Elevate the head end of bed to reduce breathing difficulty and facilitate fluid drinage
  • Keep the skin dry
  • Provide frequent mouth care
  • Encourage early ambulation
  • Advice to avoid coughing and sneezing
  • Assist in ROM exercises

Client education

  • Instruct the patient to avoid stranious activities for 2 months after surgery
  • Demonstration and client education about how to administer medications like octreotide
  • Advice to check blood glucose level at regular intervels
  • Regular heath check up for cardiac functioning,gall stones

Complications

  1. Diabetes mellitus
  2. Sleep apnea
  3. Neoplastic diseases
  4. Hypopituitarism
  5. Psychological impairment
  6. Hypertension
  7. CHF
  8. Valvular diseases
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