Question

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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE System Disorder STUDENT NAME DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESSs REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Health Promotion and Disease Prevention SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ASSESSMENT Risk Factors Expected Findings Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures Complications PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Medications Client Education Nursing Care Interprofessional Care Therapeutic Procedures

Answer 1

Diagnosis...ineffective airway clearence related to excess secretions in the respiratory tract.

Pathophysiology...due to emphysema and chronic bronchittis progressive airway li itations occurs.this abnormal inflammatory response is not completely reversible.

Health promotion and disease prevention......1)smoking and alcohol cessation

2)avoid exposure to crowd and dust

3)pneumococcal vaccination

4)administration of antibiotics

5)increase fluid intake

6)small and frequent diet

Risk factor1s::: :1)chronic cigarette smoking

2)tobacco smoking exposure

3)occupational exposure such as chemicals or duat

4)age

5)genetics

6)fumes exposure

Expected findings::::dyspnoea,wheezing,cough,barrel chest,sputum production,orthopnoea,prolonged expiration,respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia in ABG,chest congestion and hyperinflation in chest x ray

Laboratory test::::,arterial blood gas analysis,aplha 1 antitrypsin test ,

Diagnostic procedures::pulmonary function test,chest x ray,c.t scan,spirometry,

Nursing care:::1,monitor vital signs and pulse oximetry

2)administration of oxygen up to 2 liter for copd

3)colour,amount and consistency of sputum should be recorded

4)suctiontioning to clear the airway

5)checkweight

6)high calorie high protein diet should be provided

7)encourage patient toincrease fluid intake upto 3oooml in a day

8)maintain postion to ease breathing

Therapeutic procedure::::pulmonary rehabilitation techniques,lung surgeries,supplemental oxygen,complentary treatment such as yoga and accupuncture

Medications::::antibiotics,bronchodilators,corticosteroids,mucolytics

Client education::1)tell him to change his life style such as to stop smoking

2)do not go to crowded places

3)tell him to take small and frequent diet to prevent syspnoes

4)tell him to include more protein in her diet

5)tell him to follow hand washing techniques

6)decrease the level of activities

7)take medications accordingly

8)inform doctor if any emergency

9)importance of follow up

10)sign and symptoms of complications

Complications::::1 ,cor pulmonale

2,pulmonary hypertension,

3,pulmonary insufficency

Interprofessionel care::collaboration with vaious health professionels includes physicians,chest therapist,respiratory therapist,dietitian,nurses,pharmacist,.this will aid to improve quality of treatment