Question

1. Compare and contrast the types and levels of proteins necessary for renal patients with nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease. 2. Explain options to improve oral intake for cancer and HIV/AIDS patients.

Answer 1

Proteinuria Menue & 3-3.5g of protein enretion in urine IA) Proteine Normal unive usually spot urine perotuin eneration showing persistent should be <291d proteiniria 3+ 4+ on urinanalysis (or) urine protein creatinine Maho sa indicates nephrotic syndrome. since in nephrotic syndrome due to damage to glomerulus, which majorly acts as barries for protein eneration (passage through glome with high molecular weight. There will be rapid eneretion of the proteins in the body. Albumin 3.5-5.5 gld is normal sange 28.5g/dl says the hypoalbuminenia. Due to heary lose of protein, malnutrition inflammation are the mayor causes of the low albumin deals. Normal raus Urine alburin to creatinine orano (AIR) 30-300 means Microalbuminaria >800 meant Mauro albuminuria Usually hapo albumenta seen a nephrone sund -yowe. slightly increased levels means early stage Kidney disease ahelagu ACR meana serne kidney disease Cekos tigh Bun devels indicates that kidney was unable to eliminate uren wartes from body. so nenal failure is major cause for raised BUN levele. A indicate: AKI CAD. 10 - Blood unea altrogen (BUN) is the normal range > 30-40 migldl meaus kidney failure.

Bun measures the amount of nitrogen in your blood. That comes from the waste product urea. Unea is made when protein is break down in body. BuN says how well kidneys are functioning. A high Bun levele indicate drenal failure

DA) HIV, cancer may reduce apetite, malle food taste bad and prevent the body from absorbing food in the night way. Symptoms like sore throat, mouthsore nausea, vomitings may make them difficult t Diet should be rich in in > Proteine - Builds muscles strong immune system > Carbohydrates - Chives you energy & fate - Provides entra energy. » Vitamine, minerals - Regulates body procenes the cell shapes, acts as a medium where & High water intake - Giver body prounes can occur. Protein sich diet'r -Spread nut butter on toast, crackers. - Add cottage cheese to fruits, tomatoes - Eat Canned tuna to casseroles and salode. - Eat yogurt with cereal con fruit. - Eat hard - boiled eggs. - Eat diced con) chopped meat soups, salads, Savees. - Eat foods with dried milk powder cor) egg white powder. To add calories to dieter Butter, sourcream, cream cheese , peanut butter, Carbohydrates with startchess olives, salad dreening, oatmeals, cold cemeals, biscuite, crackers muffins, portabes, rice... jelly, honey, maple syrup. simple sugare.

To maintain ape fite :- - Try to do little exerises like yoga, walking |- Eat smaller meals more often. 1. Avoid drinking too much water before Cor) after meals. 1. Drink more water than venal. Try other fluids too like flavored waters, ten, fruit juices, flavored milk. - Avoid colar, coffee, tee, cocoa. - Avoid alcohol. - suck on ice cubes, propisches. - Ting soft foods and avoid very hot Y9926 Vitamin and mineral additionals: L o vit A and beta carotene keeps skin, donge, stomach healthy. vit B complex, C, D Booste immune syetem, auoide infections, keeps bones healthy. Dron supplement Helps to avoid anemia. Dine supplement Boosts up immune system. BRAT diet: BRAT diet helps during .. diarrhoea, nausea in tiv cancer pton Banana, rice, applesauce, toast food, Toy to have ginger fee regularly.. Avoid fat, greary foods, spiny, half cooked, very sweety foods.