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Q : Describe the trend of mortality in Saudi Arabia due to any one health phenomena and suggest any 2 measures to control it - Example maternal mortality, perinatal mortality, accident mortality, mortality due to any type of cancer etc. ( i need more than 250 words)

Answer 1

Answer: Maternal mortality is one of the most crucial problem in Saudi Arabia. Neglected maternal health due to various socio-cultural, economic issues have contributed significantly in maternal death.

According to WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and United Nations Population Division Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group the trend of maternal mortality in Saudi Arabia from the year 1990 to 2015 was as follows-

In 1990 MMR was 46 per 100000 live birth(lb), in 1995 the MMR reduced to 33 per 100000 lb. In 2000 the MMR further reduced to 23 per 100000 lb , in 2005 MMR was 18 per 100000 lb, in 2010 was 14 per 100000 lb and in 2015 it was 12 per 100000 lb. Hence it is clear from the above data that there is sharp reduction in Maternal Mortality Rate in 1990 to 2005. But since then the Maternal Mortality rate have not reduced that significantly.

According to International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1996 Jan, a survey conducted by Al-Meshari A; Chattopadhyay SK; Younes B; Hassonah M concluded that Maternal Mortality was greater among older multiparous women of low income and no education. Hemorrhage, both antepartum and postpartum, was the leading cause of maternal death, together with rupture of the uterus and abortive bleeding, comprising 43% of direct and 29% of total maternal deaths. Substandard care was identified in 73% of direct maternal deaths.

Maternal mortality is higher in women living in rural areas and among poorer communities. Young adolescents face a higher risk of complications and death as a result of pregnancy than other women.

'Prevention is better than Cure', and this is true for maternal mortality as well. Improved antenatal care, proper spacing in birth, preventing early pregnancy can reduce the maternal mortality significantly and also improve the health of the women.

Most of the complications during pregnancy are preventable through improved access to antenatal care. And in order to achieve this transportation system should be improved hence making the services easily accessible, health services should be cost effective and health care system need to be improved to provide high quality services. This would overall increase the uptake of antenatal care services and hence improving the maternal health and early detection of complications and treatment, thus preventing maternal mortality.

Spacing in birth and preventing teen pregnancies is another measure that can be taken to prevent maternal health. And this can be achieve through proper family planning. This can be achieved through generating awareness among the community people to increase acceptance through various means on the importance and benefits of family planning, the available family planning methods. Easy availability of family planning methods should be ensured. Increasing the acceptance of contraceptive methods is a challenge in it's own way, but if can be increased; there will undoubtedly be a significant improve in maternal health in the country.