Question

There is an evidence that mapping mental health systems (MHSs) helps in planning and developing mental health care services for users, families, and other caregivers. Describe the role of Community Behavioral Health Organizations worldwide and in Saudi Arabia specifically; What services do these organizations provide to people with mental and behavioral disorders? How do these organizations make their services accessible to people who need them? 

Answer 1

Community behavioural health organisations ( CBHOs) are the organisations that are engaged in delivering the Mental health services that aim to promote mental health and prevent Mental illness and substance abuse disorders in the setting of Community . They make the Mental health services available for the public and reduce stigma related to treatment of Mental illness. They deliver the Mental health services in domiciliary settings by supporting and treating the Mental ill people, or someone with Mental difficulties.

Role of Community behavioural health organisations:

* They make Mental health services available for everyone by delivering the services in the domiciliary settings, schools, companies and in communities.

* They not only provide out patient services but also provide inpatient services in halfway homes and other residential settings.  

* They suppory and prepare people, whose treatment for mental illness is over, but not yet ready for facing the society. In halfway homes they get the training for ' how to live in society and to face the reality with courage.

* CBHOSs are engaged in Mental health promotion activities in society and schools such as awareness campaigns, health education activities regarding early signs of Mental illness and substance abuse.

* They organize self help groups for people with certain forms of Mental illness . Example: Alcoholism

* They work in integration with Primary clinics and Mental hospitals

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a country in the Middle East having a population of 3.29 crores. The country officially known as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA). Until the recent years, Saudi's Mental health system was not so organized and there was not much involvement of Community Mental health organisations. But from 2014 onwards KSA is more concentrating on Mental health services as the incidence of Mental illness in the country got a rapid growth in the previous decades. The Mental disorders in the country includes from minor disorders such as Anxiety to severe disorders like Schizophrenia. Many college students and divorced women are in risk of Depression.  

Community behavioural health organisations in Saudi Arabia:

Most mental health services were concentrated in urban area and in psychiatric hospitals but the entry of Community behavioural health organisations made certain changes in the system of delivery of services. CBHOs are working with Primary health centers ( PHC) and General hospital' s psychiatric wards. They provide psychotropic drugs in the village settings. CBHOSs gives training for health workers in the PHC to identify the early signs of Mental illness and psychosis so that they can do the referral of cases.

Still there is huge need of well trained doctors, nurses and other community workers to work with CBHOs.

CBHOs make there services accessible to the people by various ways:

* They work in integration with Primary health centers and general hospitals Psychiatric wards.

* They work in integration of School health programmes and helps in identifying the children who are need of Mental health services.

* They organize campaigns and awareness programme against substance abuse and sexual abuse

* They organize counselling session for children

* CBHOs work in Maternity centers to provide memtal health support to the mother and children.

* Use of posters, flash cards and advertisements to create awareness among general population to remove stigma and develop positive attitude towards the treatment of Mental illness.

Answer 2

Answer) yes, mapping mental health systems helps in planning and developing mental health systems. Mental health care is provided by the health care organisations in saudi arabia since many years. These organisations are trying to improve their ability to provide mental health care to the patients around Saudi Arabia.

An act called ratified mental health act gave support to several mental health care services for the patients. MHS is trying to develop more to meet the demands of the people of Saudi Arabia. They are also trying to increase their work force to provide the best care to the patients.

SERVICES OF MHS: MHS is the only mental health service provider in saudi arabia. It follows the rules of WHO to provide the patients with best care. Their main is to develop the organisation and improve its functioning. They also develop plans and policies. Now mental health services are widely available for the benefit of the patients. Each region of saudi arabia has a mental hospital that give basic services. The expenses of theses are paid through insurance also.

They make their services accessible to the patients by identifying and communicating with them patiently.

Answer 3

Community behavioural health organizations are crucial in providing mental health services and it varies from country to country. In Saudi Arabia, these organization has done many services such as raising the quality of mental health services, integration of behavioural health care to primary health care, expansion of access to mental health services by co-operating with primary clinics etc.

We can analyse the role of community behavioural health organization in Saudi Arabia by collecting and documenting data related to mental health. Later the trends can be compared with the data of developing countries for better understanding the progress. This organization is successful in allocating a major portion in the health budget for mental health services and total beds for mental health issues. They played a major role in improving diagnosis and treatments for mental health problems. MOH is the main provider of public mental health care in Saudi Arabia. By coordinating, evaluating and integrating mental health services, MOH has done a great job of improving the quality of care. Community mental health services include inpatient and outpatient services, residential facilities, and services in PHC clinics.

Answer 4

Behavioral Health Organizations in the US and worldwide:

The MHS in the US is an enormous industry that spends more than $113 billion/year on psychological wellness treatment, which makes up 5.6% of national medicinal services spending. The sum the US puts resources into its MHS is like that of other high-pay nations, for example, Australia, however as indicated by a WHO report, Egypt drives the gathering of reviewed nations, burning through 9% of its social insurance spending plan on MHSs. Despite this huge interest in MHSs, access to emotional well-being experts is restricted in the US contrasted with other doctor claims to fame, and a large number of individuals live in emotional well-being administration deficiency areas. Furthermore, numerous kids and grown-up patients with emotional well-being issues (up to 70%) and addictions (90%) don't get psychological well-being care. Almost one-half (46%) of patients with emotional well-being issues give significant expenses as an obstruction to treatment, however, shame against mental clutters additionally stays a significant boundary to looking for mental treatment. Kazdin and Rabbitt have abridged the difficulties the US MHS faces, talking about hindrances to the usage of psychological wellness administrations, and offering novel models of conveying mental administrations to individuals most in need. More or less comparative patterns in the pervasiveness of the mental issues, methods of administration conveyance, access to emotional wellness care administrations, center around network administrations, expenses, and difficulties are accounted for by other Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development countries. Notably, six procedures have been recommended to improve the Canadian MHS, including one that centers around accomplishing more noteworthy mindfulness, the working environment, youngsters, youth, and seniors. Olson thinks about the MHSs of four high-salary nations: the UK, Norway, Canada, and the US. Each framework is portrayed under five headings: diagram, requirements for MHSs, approaches, and projects, conveyance frameworks and financing frameworks, and assessment. Assessment centers around access and value, quality and adequacy, cost and productivity, financing and reasonableness, assurance and interest, and populace significance

The nature of the MHS changes by country. Improving MHSs and changes is all-inclusive required, however particularly in low-and center pay nations (LAMICs), including the Middle East. As per that survey, assets required for good psychological well-being care are all around explained and incorporate suitable strategy and framework support, a satisfactory scope of MHSs, people group assets, fitting quantities of emotional well-being experts, and sufficient subsidizing. Shortage of accessible assets, poor dispersion, and wasteful aspects are the three principle hindrances to better psychological well-being in LAMICs. However, high-pay nations are likewise confronting these boundaries and challenges, and their MHSs are frequently answered to be failing. Most earnestly, MHS changes ought to incorporate opening more centers, refreshing existing centers, changing open perspectives toward psychological instability, instructing the open with respect to compelling medicines, elevating wellbeing endeavors to forestall emotional well-being issues, coordinating conduct social insurance into essential human services (PHC), creating network emotional well-being administrations, growing access to emotional well-being offices, and by and large increasing expectations for psychological well-being care administrations.

In Saudi Arabia:

There is proof that mapping emotional well-being frameworks (MHSs) helps in arranging and creating psychological well-being care administrations for clients, families, and different guardians. The General Administration of Mental Health and Social Services of the Ministry of Health in the course of recent years has tried to streamline the conveyance of emotional wellness care administrations to wellbeing purchasers in Saudi Arabia.

Changes in KSA's emotional well-being care framework have been sensational in the course of the last 30 years.1,2.In 1989, KSA established essential human services (PHC) focuses all through the nation so as to improve the finding and treatment of clinical issues in the network. All Saudis currently get their clinical consideration in these focuses. So as to improve the recognition and treatment of emotional wellness issues, the World Health Organization in 2000 encour-matured nations to make PHC focuses on the purpose of the first contact for those with mental scatters. In circumstances where PHC doctors can't deal with these patients, the suggestion was to allude to therapists as a rule emergency clinic (optional level), and on the off chance that specialists in those settings couldn't oversee patients, at that point they were to refer to claim to fame mental medical clinics or to showing medical clinics (tertiary level). Since most people first observe their clinical specialists for medical issues and mental and clinical ailment regularly exist together, the WHO saw this framework as the most ideal approach to distinguish and treat those with psychological wellness issues. In KSA, which has followed the WHO suggestion, this procedure has worked sensibly well covering most of the populace with emotional wellness needs. Patients in KSA can likewise go straightforwardly without referral to see therapists at claim to fame mental clinics, and a few patients look for help through crisis administrations at either broad medical clinics or mental emergency clinics without a referral. At long last, there is a private psychological well-being care framework in KSA, where patients are seen for a charge, not at all like the open framework which is government-supported. Notwithstanding unsupported private mental centers, there are more than 125 private general emergency clinics, numerous with private mental facilities associated with them. In light of the disgrace of psychological maladjustment and the straightforward entry to administrations, the individuals who have the monetary assets frequently like to counsel private facilities and pay out of pocket. Private centers offer psychotherapy, psychotropic medications, habit administrations, language training, and recovery administrations to kids, young people, grown-ups, and more seasoned grown-ups. Not long after KSA embraced the WHO prescribed arrangement of essential (PHC), auxiliary, and tertiary referral, Saudi analysts started to analyze referral sources and qualities of patients admitted to claiming to fame psychiatric emergency clinics. One such examination found that seventy-five percent of referrals to the Buraidah Mental Health Hospital originated from PHC focuses and the rest from general clinical medical clinics. Referrals from general emergency clinics (versus PHC focuses) were bound to be for the crazy issue (20% versus 10%), state of mind issue (28% versus 23%), and psychosomatic disarranges (7% versus 2%), while referrals from PHC focuses (versus general medical clinics) were almost certain for physical side effects (35% versus 23%) and neurological manifestations (8% versus 4%). Emotional wellness administrations have kept on growing after some time in KSA. By 2006, the nation had built up a national psychological wellness strategy and set up forte projects for those with addictions, kids and adults-pennies, the old, and conference contact benefits by and large clinical settings. Perhaps the greatest development accompanied the 2007 Saudi Arabian Mental and Social Health Atlas (SAMHSA), the motivation behind which was to systematically recognize and address the emotional well-being needs of the populace. To guarantee that objectives were met, plans were made to led a 4-year follow-up study (SAMHA-2010), which has now been completed.1 One of the essential destinations of SAMHA has been to set up a vital arrangement for the advancement of national psychological well-being administrations that would increment emotional wellness suppliers, improve the nature of emotional wellness care, extend administrations for those with addictions, create proceeding with training programs on psychological wellness issues, con-channel research to direct clinical intercessions, build up quality pointers, increment social administrations to the intellectually sick, and improve the framework of emotional well-being care all through KSA. A prompt objective has been to in-wrinkle the proportion of mental beds per populace to coordinate the world normal of 16 for every 100,000, in spite of the fact that it has stayed at 12 for every 100,000 in KSA from 2005 to 2010. Another objective has been to build up a strategy manual for every single mental emergency clinic in KSA. That manual, created in 2012, contains data about medical clinic star cedures, recording frameworks, and nature of care guidelines. A Mental Health Act (MHA), passed by the Saudi government in 2012, has now given the support of the law to a portion of these changes. Every single mental clinic in KSA now works dependent on the 2012 MHA strategies and methods. The plans above are being executed by the General Administration for Mental Health and Social Services (GAMHSS) at the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Riyadh. In spite of the fact that the general MOH spending plan has been expanding every year, there is still no free spending plan for GAMHSS. Progress here is likewise being made, in that there are currently independent spending plans for two significant emotional wellness divisions, the Developmental and Behavioral Disorders in Children and the Saudi Society for the Care of Psychiatric Patients and Families.

Today, most patients with genuine emotional well-being issues are treated in mental medical clinics that give in-patient and outpatient administrations. Patients with incessant mental issues keep on being hospitalized for star yearned periods. Purposes behind long haul remain included refusal by the family to think about them, dynamic mental manifestations, a requirement for restoration, relative absence of network administrations, nonappearance of midway homes, and the legitimate issues identified with the untimely release, which make therapists hesitant to discharge them. Despite the fact that the number of mental outpatient facilities related to general and strength medical clinics had extended to almost four dozen by 2006, an all-around created network psychological wellness framework (CMHS) still doesn't exist in KSA. Until that framework creates (in the arranging stage), most psychological wellness needs of those living in the network will keep on being met by essential consideration doctors at the 1900 PHC focuses on the nation. Endeavors are presently being made to improve the preparation of clinical professionals to assist them with perceiving and treat mental issues, just as train analysts and social specialists to screen for the mental and enthusiastic ailment in these settings. There are additionally plans to grow more conference contact benefits in tertiary consideration medical clinics and to set up more psychiatric inpatient benefits all in all emergency clinics. At long last, drug specialists are being prepared to screen psychotropic medication utilize and teach patients about these medications, since look into has demonstrated that such training improves sedate adherence by 15% to 27%.

SERVICES:

There is a specific requirement for emotional well-being administrations to specific gatherings, especially those with interesting needs different from the general Saudi populace. Kids and Adolescents. KSA has a generally youthful populace with a mean age of 26 years, contrasted with 28 for the world by and large and 37 in the U.S. As noted before, 16% to 59% of optional school understudies experience side effects of noteworthy mental trouble. Along these lines, tending to the psychological well-being needs of this age bunch is of most extreme significance in guaranteeing a future solid and gainful Saudi populace. There are currently at any rate 21 kid psychiatry centers in KSA. Restricted research, in any case, exists on the characteristics of patients found in these settings. The most far-reaching study to date analyzed kids and adoles-pennies found in three of those facilities. All records of youthful people assessed during 2008 were looked into (n = 899). The essential wellspring of referral was from PHC focuses (93%); the mean period of members was 9 (territory 1 to 20); sexual orientation was equally conveyed among males and females, and most were Saudi nationals (92%). Parental relationship, that is the marriage between close family members, was available in half, and the mean number of kin was 6 (territory 1 to 18). The most well-known introducing indications were hyperactivity (43%), poor school performance (33%), postponed achievements (28%), uneasiness (18%), consideration and focus issues (14%), and im-pulsivity (13%). Conclusions were mental hindrance (30%), tension issue (16%), ADHD (13%), chemical imbalance spectrum scatter (13%), state of mind issue (4%), school refusal (4%), toileting issues (3%), and psychosis (3%). At the underlying meeting, 86% of these kids and youths were recommended at least one psychotropic medication (65% one medicine; 21% multiple). Polypharmacy (21%) in these centers was significantly lower than that announced in an investigation of grown-up Saudi mental patients (85%). Drug alone was not by any means the only treatment offered to youngsters and teenagers, and psychotherapy was suggested by 55%. Great aftereffects of treatment were accounted for, with a "steady" result on follow-up in 82%. In any case, the above investigation just starts to expose what's underneath. Significantly more data is required on the commonness of mental issues in Saudi youngsters and teenagers, location rates, medications, and results, and quite a bit of this data will be gathered during the 2013 Saudi National Mental Health Survey (at any rate those over the age of 15). More seasoned Adults. More established grown-ups are typically first observed in PHCs and on the off chance that they have mental or social issues, are alluded to therapists at general medical clinics or instructing foundations. Whenever dismissed by their families, which is uncommon right now, with mental or neurological issues, for example, dementia is set in geriatric homes upheld by the Ministry of Social Affairs. While the normal age of the populace in KSA is youthful, life expectancy is expanding quickly. With a normal future in KSA of 74 years, the level of the population over age 60 during the following 40 years will build twice as quickly as the remainder of the world, extending by almost 4-crease from 5% directly to 19% in 2050. Accordingly, throughout the following a very long while the circumstance in KSA will before long be like that in the U.S., where people over age 60 presently make up 18% of the populace [50]. The main data we have on paces of mental issues in more established grown-ups in KSA originates from two investigations, both looking at sadness. As depicted before, a review of almost 8000 Saudi's age 60 or over from across KSA found that 39% scored at or over a cutoff of 10 on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The subsequent examination included locally established meetings with 810 people age 65 or over living in Abha, announcing that 18% scored at or over the set up a cutoff score on the GDS short-form. Along these lines, in view of the accessible information as of now, paces of critical despondency among more established grown-ups go from 18% to 39%. As far as anyone is concerned, research on mental issues other than discouragement among more seasoned grown-ups in KSA is non-existent. Given the in-wrinkled number of seniors anticipated throughout the following 40 years, it is basic that therapists get specific preparing on the mental issues of more seasoned grown-ups right now. The SNMHS will give refreshed epidemiological information on mental clutters right now.

organizations make their services accessible to people:

Mental Health Awareness Phone Polling Survey

Background: Mental Health awareness studies that survey the expansive information on different partners remembering open across the nation help for the advancement of pertinent procedures to upgrade their poor psychological well-being proficiency.

Objective: The point of this phone surveying review was to quantify the psychological wellness consciousness of the overall population in Saudi Arabia.

Technique: The members (n=1068) arbitrarily chose from 13 locales of Saudi Arabia were reached by 15 prepared Saudi young lady questioners for directing 30-minutes singular meeting in Arabic language utilizing a self-planned 15-thing survey.

Results: About one-fourth of responders (23%) detailed either close to home or relative having mental turmoil, and discouragement and tension issues were the commonest issues. Disgrace against mental scatters and counseling wellbeing experts, misperceptions towards psychotropics and social prohibition and disgrace were dynamically revealed by the members. Despite the fact that the members saw hindrances to approach MH administrations, 55% of responders detailed MH administrations were acceptable to magnificent evaluation, and the two most regular assistance looking for modes were mental and strict and otherworldly specialist organizations.