Question

Research PSA Studies. Do PSA screenings save lives? Explain your answer.)

Answer 1

Ans) Prostate cancer:

- Prostate cancer is the most common solid organ cancer in men (other than skin cancer).
- Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US men (behind lung cancer)
- About 1 man in 6 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime (~16%)
- Approximately 200, 000 U.S. men diagnosed, 16,000 deaths, annually
- Incidence peaked in 1992 approximately 5 years after the introduction of PSA as a screening test.
- Prostate cancer specific mortality has declined since 1991 (30% in PSA era)
more people are presenting late stage metastatic disease
- elevated PSA does not mean cancer or what risk cancer
- shared decision making and following
- dangers and harms to overtreated and ignoring it
- can take 15 years to manifest
- decision of thinking 20 years into future to take prostate out.

Prostate Cancer Screening:

- AUA recommends prostate cancer screening after thorough discussion (with DRE and PSA)
- Men > 40 y/o with > 10 year life expectancy
- If normal (< 2.5), resume interval screening (not necessarily annually.
-;ACS recommends prostate screening after thorough discussion (with DRE and PSA)
- All men > 50 who have > 10 year life expectancy
- High risk men > 45 y/o (African Americans or men with first degree relative with CaP)
- Very high risk men age 40 ( multiple first degree relatives)
- Those with PSA > 2.5 need at minimum to have annual PSA/DRE
- Those with PSA < 2.5 need PSA every two years