Question

8:25 Inbox No Subject Briefly describe the physical, psychosocial, cognitive and motor development of a child in relation to the development stages mentioned in the table. (in 30-40 words each Infant (0-1year) Physiologic development Cognitive development Motor development

Answer 1

Infant

An infant is a very young human being from birth to 1 year , needing almost constant attention and care.

Growth and development during first year is in a rapid rate, where the infant grows physically and also development happens in psychosocial, cognitive and motor areas.

Physical development

Physical or physiological development in an infant is progound and rapid. An infant's birth weight doubles by the half of first year and triples by 12th month. The first one month of a baby is called neonatal period. Most of the neonates are 18 to 22 inches long, by the end of one year baby grows upto 30- 31 inches. Baby's head circumference ( that was bigger than chest size at birth, become equal to chest circumference by 4 th month and by 1 year it become approximately 18 inches in size due to fast brain development.

Psychosocial development

Psychosocial development of infants are well explained by 'Erik Erikson's Psyco social stages of development theory ' . Infant stage ( 0to 1 year)characterised by the development of trust or mistrust in the caregivers and family members as it is a period of dependability.

At the age of 2 months, infants start to make Eye contact and start to smile on 3 month onwards. Slowly infants start to make interactions and social skills. According to the quality of child care giver/ givers the infant may develop the quality of trust and social interactions. Child may not be irritable , angry or mistrust full. At the end of one year , they start to show attachment towards objects or toys and separation Anxiety , when the care takers are away.

Cognitive development

According to French Psychologist Jean piaget, Cognitive development stage of Infant is called Sensory Motor stage. Infants slowly train their senses and start to use intelligence and that is indicated through the use of symbols. By 4 to 7 month , babies develop the new abilties related to perception such as hearing, touching , vision etc. Very limited language knowledge but developing. From 7th month onwards infants start to memorize things.

Motor development

Motor development happens in infants is from the center of the body to peripherals. Gross motor development happens first then fine motor development. Infants gain the control of head and neck before gaining control of arm movement. Different Reflexes are more prominent in infants such as sucking,grasping, rooting, babinski reflex during first months of life. Rolling over and crawling happens by 4 months and brings the toys or objects to mouth. By 7 th month , baby can sit up and at 3rd month he can hold or grasp objects with his hands. By the end of 8 th month, baby can grasp the things with forefinger and thumb. At the end of the first year infants can follow a fast moving object , can speak two or three words.