What is the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis?
**Beginning with etiology, progressing to all changes in structure and function of the system, and concluding with cellular changes.
Ans) Bacterial meningitis remains a disease with associated unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates despite the availability of effective bactericidal antimicrobial therapy. Through the use of experimental animal models of infection, a great deal of information has been gleaned concerning the pathogenic and pathophysiologic mechanisms operable in bacterial meningitis.
- Most cases of bacterial meningitis begin with host acquisition of a new organism by nasopharyngeal colonization followed by systemic invasion and development of a high-grade bacteremia.
- Bacterial encapsulation contributes to this bacteremia by inhibiting neutrophil phagocytosis and resisting classic complement-mediated bactericidal activity. Central nervous system invasion then occurs, although the exact site of bacterial traversal into the central nervous system is unknown.
- By production and/or release of virulence factors into and stimulation of formation of inflammatory cytokines within the central nervous system, meningeal pathogens increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier, thus allowing protein and neutrophils to move into the subarachnoid space.
- There is then an intense subarachnoid space inflammatory response, which leads to many of the pathophysiologic consequences of bacterial meningitis, including cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure.
- Attenuation of this inflammatory response with adjunctive dexamethasone therapy is associated with reduced concentrations of tumor necrosis factor in the cerebrospinal fluid, with diminished cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis, and perhaps with improvement of morbidity, as demonstrated in recent clinical trials.
- Further information on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis should lead to the development of more innovative treatment and/or preventive strategies for this disorder.
What is the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis? **Beginning with etiology, progressing to all changes in structure...
What is the pathophysiology of nasal congestion? **Beginning with etiology, progressing to all changes in structure and function of the system, and concluding with cellular changes.
What is the pathophysiology of productive cough? **Beginning with etiology, progressing to all changes in structure and function of the system, and concluding with cellular changes.
What is the in-depth pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis?
What are the pathophysiology issues that must be addressed due to changes at the cellular level?
Chapter 18 Objectives Identify the functions of the endocrine system. Identify the hormones of the anterior pituitary (including the appropriate releasing factor), stimulating hormones, target hormones, and target tissues, including normal outcomes. List the hormones of the posterior pituitary and their actions. Discuss the effects of thyroid hormone (T3, T4) and the mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation. Discuss the effects of parathyroid hormone and the mechanisms of parathyroid hormone regulation. Identify the hormones secreted by the alpha, beta, and delta...
Font Tools Table Window Help D) 57 Exam 1 blueprint.Patho.doc [Compatibility Mode les ChartsSmartArt Review Paragraph Styles Ξ.크 jta. Yll | Normal Note Level 2 Heading 1 21 3l 5i Chapter 19 Qbicctivesoufer these, think about the alterations that we discussed and what is going on with the hormones that are causing the issues. From there, think about treatment options-the key to understanding the medications that we use is to understand the body system and what is hoppening when things...
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