The energy change per stage is calculated:
A-B:
E = P * dV + V * dP = 10 * (4-1) + 1 * (40-10) = 60 Pa * m3
B-C:
E = P * dV = 40 * (1-4) = - 120 Pa * m3
AC:
E = V * dP = 1 * (10-40) = - 30 Pa * m3
The total energy change:
Etotal = 60 - 120 - 30 = - 90 J * (1 cal / 4.18 J) = - 21.53 cal
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