CLEARLY IDENTIFY THE SYLLOGISTIC RULES BROKEN AND NAME THE SPEFIC FORMAL FALLACIES OR FALLACIES COMMITTED IN THESE 10
1) Identify the Syllogistic Rule broken and Name the Specific Formal Fallacy or Fallacies committed in these Argumentative passages:
Basically, Aristotle has defined Figure and moods to validate an argument.
Figure depends on the three terms present in an argument. 1. Predicate term -which changes the meaning of the subject term in the conclusion
2. Middle term - Which connects the two premises by linking subject and predicate term given in the argument
3. Subject term - subject in the conclusion.
The premise is said to be Major premise if it has the predicate and middle term.
The premise is said to be Minor premise if it has the subject and middle term.
|
Figure 1 |
Figure 2 |
Figure 3 |
Figure4 |
|
|
Major |
MIDDLE PREDICATE |
PREDICATE MIDDLE |
MIDDLE PREDICATE |
PREDICATE MIDDLE |
|
Minor |
SUBJECT MIDDLE |
SUBJECT MIDDLE |
MIDDLE SUBJECT |
MIDDLE SUBJECT |
Now, MOODS has the following category :
A - Universal affirmation - All A's are B's
E - Universal negation - No A's are B's
I -Particular affirmation - Some A's are B's
O- Particular Negation - Some A's are not B's
According to the question,
1. EAI-1: Mood is EAI and figure 1 :
Example: No ecologists are scientists
All Indians are ecologists
Therefore, Some scientists are not Indians
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is false as 'some' is a subjective term.
2. OOA-2:
Some ecologists are scientists.
Some Indians are scientists.
Therefore, All Indians are ecologists.
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is false as 'some' is a subjective term.
3. AEO-2
All men are mortal.
No Unicorn is mortal.
Therefore, Some unicorns are men.
This argument will be valid only if Subject term will exist. Thus, it is conditionally valid.
4. AAI-3
All unicorns are mammals.
All unicorns are men
Therefore, Some men are mammals.
This argument will be valid only if middle term will exist. Thus, it is conditionally valid.
5. EEO-4
No ecologists are scientists
No scientists are biologists
Therefore, some biologists are not ecologists
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is False.
6. AAO-2
All ecologists are scientists
All biologists are scientists
Therefore, some biologists are not ecologists
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is False.
7. EEI-1
No scientists are ecologists
No biologists are scientists
Therefore, some biologists are ecologists
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is False.
8. IIO-3
Some scientists are ecologists
Some scientists are biologists
Therefore, some biologists are not ecologists
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is False.
9. OOI-4
Some ecologists are not scientists
Some scientists are not biologists
Therefore, some biologists are ecologists
This is invalid as we were not able to find any situation where my both premises are True and a conclusion is False.
10. EAO-1
No unicorns are mammals.
All men are unicorns
Therefore, Some men are not mammals.
This argument will be valid only if middle term will exist. Thus, it is conditionally valid.
CLEARLY IDENTIFY THE SYLLOGISTIC RULES BROKEN AND NAME THE SPEFIC FORMAL FALLACIES OR FALLACIES COMMITTED IN...
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