Question

1. which drugs treat tachycardia vs bradycardia and how would it work

2. which drugs can improve mean arterial pressure (MAP) or lower it as needed and how would it work

3. which drugs can either improve Central Venous Pressure (CVP) or lower it and how would it work

4. which drugs can improve cardiac output (CO)

5. Why is Systemic Vascular Resistance included as a part of this conversation

Answer 1

Ans) 1) There are three medications used in the bradycardia algorithm: atropine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Read about each drug and its use within the bradycardia algorithm below. When symptomatic bradycardia occurs, the primary objective is to identify and treat the cause of the problem.

- Cardiostimulatory Drugs. Cardiostimulatory drugs (also called "cardiotonic drugs") enhance cardiac function by increasing heart rate (chronotropy) and myocardial contractility (inotropy), which increases cardiac output and arterial pressure.

2) MAP, or mean arterial pressure, is defined as the average pressure in a patient's arteries during one cardiac cycle. It is considered a better indicator of perfusion to vital organs than systolic blood pressure (SBP).

- Intravenous fluids or blood transfusions to increase blood flow. medications called “vasopressors” that tighten blood vessels, which can increase blood pressure and make the heart beat faster or pump harder.

3) CVP is increased by either an increase in venous blood volume or by a decrease in venous compliance. The latter change can be caused by contraction of the smooth muscle within the veins, which increases the venous vascular tone and decreases compliance.

- Drugs (diuretics) act on the kidney to enhance sodium and water excretion. Reducing blood volume not only reduces central venous pressure, but even more importantly, reduces cardiac output by the Frank-Starling mechanism due to the reduction in ventricular preload.drugs (diuretics) act on the kidney to enhance sodium and water excretion. Reducing blood volume not only reduces central venous pressure, but even more importantly, reduces cardiac output by the Frank-Starling mechanism due to the reduction in ventricular preload.

4) Inotropic agents such as milrinone, digoxin, dopamine, and dobutamine are used to increase the force of cardiac contractions.

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