Question

Describe how local application of heat will support the healing process. Give the pathophysiology, indications, control, methods, nursing care for heat application

Answer 1

The local appliocation of heat raises tissue temperature ,producing vasodilation resulting in an increase in blood flow to the area and tissue metabolism..With an increase in in blood flow the viscosity of blood is decreased and capillary permeability is increased,developing leukocytes ,oxygen and nutrients to the area and taking waste away more effectively.Heat application decreases muscle spasms and joint stiffness,thus promoting ease and better range of motion and reducing pain.

Pathophysiology

The rebound phenomenon is important to consider when utilizing heat and cold therapies..The therapeutic effects of heat are produced by vasodilation .if heat is applied for more than 30 minutes ,vasoconstriction   and tissue congestion occur ,for reasons unknown.

Indications

Heat therapy is generally used for chronic injuries that have no inflammation or in the later stages of rehabilitation of an injury.Heat therapy is idel for stiff,naging muscles or joint.Athletes often use heat therapy to warm up muscles and joints before excercise.

Control

Heat should be applied for 15 to 20 minutes at a time.To prevent burns ,never leave a heating pad on for more than 20 minutesor while sleeping and never apply directly to the skin without a protective layer such as a towel between the heat source and the skin .Heat shoukd not be used if the injured area are prone to swelling or show signs of inflammation .

Methods

Heat can be applied in a variety of or moist methods.Moist heat penetrates the skin and reaches ligaments ,muscles and joints.One method of applying either dry or moist heat is with a disposable Aquathermia pad.They are moldabe and can be used on limbs.Another method for applying constant ,even heat is with a heating pad molded to clients body..Hot water bottles,commercial heat packs,heating pads and warming blankets are used.

Nursing care

• Assess patients age and cognitive level of function,orientation,sedation,sensory impairment and impairment of circulation.
• Special care should be provided to patients with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease as they impaired circulation to the extremities making them more susceptible to burns.