Question

Childhood obesity

Answer 1

Obesity occurs as a result of accumulation of excessive fat in the subcutaneous tissue and other parts of the body. Use of BMI for monitoring weight in a child requires a set of age and gender -dependent reference charts.

Causes

The factors responsible for obesity can be broadly grouped into exogenous and endogenous causes which includes

Dietary factors-Consuming large infrequent meals and high calorie density junk food rather than small frequent meals is associated with the development of obesity.

Habits-The appetite maybe increased due to psychogenic causes such as parent child maladjustment and constant teasing by peers. The changing habits if children spending more time in indoor games and watching television also make them prone to obesity.

Decreased energy expenditure:Obese children have a tendency for decreased resting energy expenditure which is genetically determined.

Genetic factors: Obesity in children has a strong correlation with parental obesity;the risk increasing when both parents are obese

Management

Diet: Calorie intake should be reduced. Parents and children should be advised to take fruits rather than taking high calorie snacks in between the meals.

Encourage physical activity: Exercise should be part of any obesity reduction plan. The children must be encouraged to play outdoor sports like cycling, rather than indoor sedentary activities like video games.

Behavior modification: The will-power of the child to reduce his weight should be strengthened by constant encouragement. The weight of the child should be kept under regular surveillance.