Question

You have just been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Design a 1-day healthy menu (3 meals and 2 snacks) that provides ~45 grams of carbohydrate for each meal and ~30 grams of carbohydrate for each snack. List the food, the quantity, and the number of grams of carbohydrate for each menu item. List the number of grams for each meal and snack. List the number of grams for the 1 day. [Use The Science of Nutrition Appendix G: U.S.Exchange Lists for Meal Planning as your guide.]

2. How do our bodies digest and absorb carbohydrates?

3. What is ketoacidosis?

4. What is metabolic syndrome? What are the criteria for diagnosis? How is it linked to obesity?

Answer 1

Ans) 2) The goal of carbohydrate digestion is to break down all disaccharides and complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides for absorption, although not all are completely absorbed in the small intestine (e.g., fiber). Digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase released during the process of chewing.

3) Ketoacidosis:

- A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones).

- This condition occurs when there isn't enough insulin in the body. It can be triggered by infection or other illness.

4) Metabolic syndrome:

- A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

- Metabolic syndrome includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels. The syndrome increases a person's risk of heart attack and stroke.

Criteria for diagnosis:

- Metabolic syndrome occurs when a person has three or more of the following measurements: Abdominal obesity (Waist circumference of greater than 40 inches in men, and greater than 35 inches in women) Triglyceride level of 150 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL) or greater.

Metabolic syndrome linked to Obesity:

- This exposure is most potent during early period of life resulting in childhood obesity which is a major risk for metabolic syndrome in adults. The lifestyle factors that increase intra-abdominal fat and metabolic risk factors are weight gain, a diet high in saturated fat, smoking, inactivity and excess alcohol intake.