Question

Labor 1. Explain contraception and the din methods and the effectiveness. traception and the different types of natural family planning xplain the various types of hormonal method of contraception. 3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the hormonal method of contraception. 4. Describe the forms of surgical methods of contraception and explain the advantages and disadvantages involved.

Answer 1

1. What is contraception

Contraception or birth control or fertility control all means the same thing . These terms are interchangeable .

Contraception is a method or device to prevent pregnancy .

Protection of Unwanted pregnancy and family planning is the main aim of contraception .

Natural method of family planning

1. Periodic abstinence method - during a mensuration cycle there is a period of fertility during which egg is released from the ovary . During this period if sperm comes in contact with the egg it may cause fertilization and pregnancy can occur . So during this phase intercourse should be avoided or use of mechanical barriers should be done . Calendar method is used to calculate the fertile period

2. Lactational amenorrhea- during the period of lactation mensuration cycle is stopped so chances of pregnancy is reduced during lactation phase or breastfeeding period

3. Coitus interruptus - a method in which the male partner withdraw the male reproductive organ out of females reproductive organ during the time of ejaculation

The effectiveness of the natural method depend upon the different type of peoples and couples . They are effective if followed properly . In coitus interruptus will power of the male partner plays important role .

Question 2

Hormonal contraceptive methods

These contraceptive method are drugs

1. Oral pills

Oral pills are the tablets taken by the female partner so that pregnancy can be avoided

Oral pills are of following type -

A) combined pills - combined pills contain both estrogen and progesterone

Estrogen inhibit ovulation of ovum where as progesterone change the cervical mucosa so that the sperm doesn't enter the vagina

B) progesterone pills - these pills contain only progesterone which changes the cervical mucosa so that the sperm doesn't get entry

C) post coital pills - these pills are after rape or unprotected sex or due to contraception failure . These pills inhibit the release of egg from ovary

D) once a month pill

2) depot - these are the sustained released action of the drug

It is long acting and more effective than oral pills

It may be combined type or progesterone only depot

Question 3

Advantages of hormonal contraceptive methods

1. They prevent unprotected intercouse

2. Can be used if mechanical barrier method fails

3. It ease menstural cramps

4. It decrease the chances of ovarian cancer and uterine cancer

5. It is said that the side effect doesn't include acnes so prevent acne

6. It prevent against benign breast disorder , ovarian cyst , iron deficiency anemia

Disadvantage

As every coin has two side there are various side effect of hormonal contraceptive methods such as nausea , vomiting , abnormal periods , headache

2. Depression.

3. Risk of cervical cancer

4. Risk of breast cancer

5. Weight gain

Question 4

The surgical method of the contraception are the permanent technique for not having child . It is one of the most successful contraceptive method . It is very useful in family planning as side effect are very less

There are two type of surgical methods

1. Tubectomy - this process is also known as tube ligation . In this a small part of fallopian tube is cut and the ends are tied so that the egg and sperm never meet .

2. Vasectomy - surgical method which is done on man in this a small part of the tube that carries sperm from the testies are cut so that the sperm cannot be ejaculated . There is no problem in sperm production . The sperm production will be normal the only thing that will happen is ejaculation will not be there .

Advantages of surgical methods

1. It is best contraceptive method as effectiveness is high

2. They are small surgery usually occur in 1 day

3. Side effect are very less as compared to oral pills

4. There is no loss of libido(sex desire )

5. Male doesn't have any problem in erection

6. No hormonal changes occur

There are few disadvantage of surgical methods

1. Reversibility is very poor

2. It does not prevent the sexually transmitted disease

3. Some times the partner may regret after having the surgery

4. There is a bit of discomfort in initial phase after surgery

Hope you find this helpful thankyou ☺️?