Homework Answers
Answer 1) 'Case' in epidemiology refers to an individual which meets all the criteria of the clinical condition for which the study is being conducted.
'Rate' in epidemiology state the number of cases occurring in a geographical area over a specified period of time.
The case is used in epidemiology when specific number of diseased individual is to calculated in an area. On the other hand, rate is used in epidemiology when the measure of the frequency of disease is to be calculated.
Answer 2) Incidence refer to the rate at which the new cases of the disease is occurring over a time period.
Prevalence is the number of cases living with the condition.
The incidence in epidemiology will tell us about the rate at which the disease is spreading and prevalence will tell us about the load that the disease is causing on the population.
Answer 3) Life expectancy is the average time in years that is counted from the current age, which is remaining for the person.
General trends related to life expectancy over time will be based on a variety of factors such as gender, geographic location, disease history, and family history. These trends can be derived by various cohort studies and can determine the approximate age up to which an individual is going to live.
Answer 4) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPPL) refers to the time period in years, which has been lost as the person has died prematurely. These are the average number of years that the person may have lived if they didn't died due to an accident or disease.
YPPL can be calculated by taking the sum of the number of deaths occurring at the age between 1 year till 74 years (upper and lower limit of Life expectancy) and multiplying it with the number of years that are left i.e. 75- the age at which the person died.
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