Question

Can you compare lysosomes and peroxisomes at all levels? How do you get proteins to these
organelles (specific tags)? How would you identify lysosomes/peroxisomes based on chemical environment? How are they unique? Can you compare and contrast them? Various diseases associated with these organelle? Specific proteins or enzymes of these organelles?

Answer 1

Answer=

comparison of lysosomes and peroxisomes as follows:

Lysosomes	Peroxisomes
1.lysosomes consists of degradative enzymes.	1.peroxisomes contains oxidative enzymes.
2.Lysosomes break down biological polymers like proteins and polysaccharides.	2.peroxisomes oxidize organic compounds,breaking down metabolic hydrogen peroxides.
3.main function in digestion in the cell.	3.Main function of peroxisomes is the protection of the cell against metabolic hydrogen peroxide.
4.found in animals	4.Found in eukaryotes.
5.Derived from either Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum.	5..Derived from endoplasmic reticulum and are capable of replicating themselves.
6.They are comparitevely large in size.involved in endocytosis,autophagy and phagocytosis.	6.comparitively small.involved in biosynthesis of lipids and photorespiration.

How do you get proteins to these organelles (specific tags) =

protein targeting to lysosomes - lysosomal membrane proteins are synthesized in Rough ER and transported to Golgi cisternae and ultimately to lysosomes.

the sorting signal that directs the lysosomal enzymes from the trans golgi network to lysosome is mannose -6-phosphate(M6P).

Protein targeting to Peroxisomes = All peroxisomal proteins are synthesized in cytoplasm and must be directed to the peroxisome.

peroxisomal targeting sequence or PTS is required.

interior part of lysosome is acidic i.e.pH is = 4.8