Question

Part A What are three observations that suggested eukaryotic RNA was an intermediate between DNA and protein? Select the three observations. O DNA plays the major role in replication, which allows for sustainable transfer of genetic information. O RNA is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where protein translation occurs. Three types of RNA are found in the cell, and all of them are involved in protein synthesis. O DNA is found in the nucleus and protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. O DNA codes for genes that are involved in regulation of protein synthesis. O RNA is synthesized in the nucleus and has a chemical similarity to DNA. Submit Request Answer

Answer 1

Answer- Part A- Three statements that suggested eukaryotic RNA was an intermediate between DNA and protein.

1. RNA is synthesized in the nucleus and has a chemical similarity to DNA

2. DNA is found in the nucleus and protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

3. RNA is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where protein translation occurs.

Explanation-

1. In eukaryotes, replication and transcription occurs in nucleus and translation occurs in cytoplasm so that the information of protein synthesis should be transported from nucleus to cytoplasm.

2. To transport information from nucleus to cytosol, intermediate molecule is synthesized from DNA known as mRNA in the process transcription. In this process RNA polymerase uses DNA as template and synthesizes RNA complementary to DNA sequence.

3. During transcription mRNA, tRNA and rRNA are synthesized and then they are transported into cytosol for maturation. After maturation, mRNA binds with ribosome and then protein synthesis starts.

Answer- Part B- Promoters, Enhancers and transcription factors are required to encourage the specific association of RNA polymerase to specific region of DNA.

Explanation-

1. Promoters- Promoter is present near transcription start site i.e. upstream to the DNA at 5' region of sense strand. If RNA polymerase forms complex with promoter then transcription starts.

2. Enhancers- Enhancer is short DNA sequence that is bounded with activator proteins i.e. transcription factors to increase transcription of particular gene.

3. Transcription factors- The transcription factors are proteins that controls the rate of gene expression and synthesis of specific mRNA from DNA.

Termination factors, ribozyme, translation factors, tRNA, AUG codons and ribosome is required for translation process.

Answer- Part C- Definition of transcription is- Transcription describes the synthesis of RNA using DNA template.

Explanation-

1. Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA . In this process RNA polymerase uses DNA as template and synthesizes RNA complementary to DNA sequence.