Question

The process of making RNA using DNA as a template is called ___. The process of using the codes in RNA to make protein is called ___. Complete the following table with information on the three types of RNA polymerases and role of specific type of RNA in protein synthesis: In prokaryotes, the two stages of protein synthesis are: ___ and ___. In eukaryotes, the three stages of protein synthesis are ___, ___ and ___. During transcription, a ___ ___ is made, which contains introns and exons. What are introns? ___ What are exons? ___ What is the role of splicing in protein synthesis? In eukaryotes, while mRNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, a ___ added at the 5" end and a ___ is added at the 3' end. Explain the role of these caps at 3' and 5' ends? Answer the following for translation step: a. A codon is a set of ___ nucleotides found on ___. b. An anticodon is a set of ___ nucleotides found on ___. c. The genetic code table has a list of ___ that code for each ___ d. ___ is the start codon and it codes for ___. e. The stop codons are ___, ____ and ___. They ___ (do/do not) code for an amino acid.

Answer 1

Question 1	Transcription Translation
Question 2	Type of rna polymerase Type of rna made role 1 Pre-rRNA for 18, 5.8 and 28S rRNAs transcribes rRNA gene ii Pre-mRNA, some snRNAs transcribes mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA genes, iii Pre-tRNAs, 5S rRNA, some snRNAs transcribes tRNA and 5S rRNA genes
Question 3	transcription ; translation

System of Protein Synthesis:

(i) Two noteworthy strides are included in protein combination; (i) interpretation, including exchange of hereditary data from DNA to mRNA, and (ii) interpretation, including interpretation of the dialect of nucleic corrosive into that of proteins.

I. Transcription:

The exchange of hereditary data from DNA to mRNA is known as translation. A solitary RNA polymerase embraces union of all RNAs (counting mRNA, rRNA and tRNA) in microscopic organisms. Eu­karyotes, then again contain no less than three particular RNA polymerases.One of these situated in the nucleolus is assigned as RNA polymerase I or "An" and is in charge of rRNA union. The second eukaryotic RNA polymerase is found in the nucleoplasm, is assigned as RNA polymerase II or "B" and is in charge of the amalgamation of mRNA antecedents called heterogenous atomic RNA (HnRNA).

The third eukaryotic RNA polymerase is additionally found in nucleoplasm and is called RNA polymerase III or "C" which is in charge of the amalgamation of 5S RNA and tRNA. Eukaryotes likewise contain other RNA polymerases in mitochondria and plastids.

Bacterial RNA polymerase comprises of four distinctive polypeptide chains: center catalyst x (two chains of ∞ and a solitary chain each of β' and β) and sigma calculate (a)1. Translation of mRNA from DNA:

In nearness of DNA ward RNA polymerase chemical the hereditary message encoded in DNA is interpreted into mRNA. The two strands of the particular DNA atom uncoil and one of these two strands, goes about as a layout (this strand is known as the antisense strand), from which correct arrangement of nucleotides is deciphered into mRNA particle. Accordingly, the base succession of the mRNA atom is corresponding to that of the antisense strand which filled in as it format. Like DNA union, RNA combination likewise continues from 5′ to 3′ course (5′-»3′).

(a) Transcription in prokaryotes:

In microorganisms just single RNA polymerase catalyze the blend of various sorts of RNAs. RNA polymerase comprises of four polypeptide chains (αββ'α2) which consti­tute center compound and a sigma calculate (σ), which is inexactly appended to the center chemical. The sigma consider helps acknowledgment of begin flags on DNA particle and coordinates RNA polymerase in choosing the start site. Without σ, center catalyst starts RNA amalgamation in an arbitrary way.