Question

How is mutation and evolution related? Half a page of detail using words to explain such as gene flow, natural selection, genetic drift. What rate are mutations, where when and how.

Answer 1

• Every day all the organism undergo mutations whether small or big. It is a change in the sequence of DNA.Most of the times mutations go unonoticed because they are either harmless or due the redundancy of genetic code i.e, more than one codon codes for a protein and hence could become silent mutations.
• Evolution means to evolve,unfold ,move forward and doesnt necessarily mean its to improve it some times also includes lethal mutations or deadly mutations and the organisms which carry those perish immediately.
• There are some beneficial mutations like sickle cell anemia disease in which if the person has only one gene he doesnt show any signs and symptoms of disease and is calleda carrier.The red blood cells assume a cresent shape and sue to this the malarial parasite canno tsurvive in such a cell and hence these with the sickle cell trait are least affected.
• In the course of evolution only the organism which suit best to the existing conditions and can withstand them only survive and it is said that nature has a power to select the ones which are fittest,.
• When the genes get mutated and they turn into lethal mutations all the organisms carrying the same mutation would die leading to genetic drift i.e, variation in the frequency of genotypes in a small population.
• Evolution occurs due to mutations.