* Naive B cell activation by CD4 + TFH cells.
Germinal centers are sites within lymph nodes and spleen where the
B cells proliferate, differentiate and mutate their antibodies by
process called somatic hypermutation. B cells of
the germinal centers are called centroblasts. Germinated centers
are responsible for the production of affinity
matured B cells. In the process of promoting germinal
center the antigen phagocytosis is achieved by the
B cells which is driven by BCR and dependent on the GTPase. It is
important for the development of antibodies. The germinal center is
considered as the major location for the isotype
switching where the B cell indicate the switching of DNA
circles.
13. Somatic recombination.
Somatic Recombination is the process where the functional genes for
the immunoglobulin and receptor chains are assembled. the lymphoid
proteins regulate this recombination process both in T cells and B
cells.
Is the first one correct and answer the second question please. Which of the following does...
please answer all 4 questions :) Question 7 3 pts Which of the following occur in both B cells and T cells? o isotype switching O somatic recombination o alternative splicing to produce different isoforms of the receptor o alternative splicing to produce a secreted form of the receptor o somatic hypermutation Question 8 3 pts Multiple factors that increase antigen receptor diversity also increase formation of non- productive alleles. Which of the following would generate a non-productive allele? Select...
please answer all 4 questions Question 11 3 pts A B-cell may be activated by: O A TEH cell O Another B-cell O A cytotoxic T-cell O A natural killer T-cell Question 12 3 pts What happens to centrocytes that have high-affinity (tightly-binding) antigen receptors after somatic hypermutation? They receive survival signals from TFH cells o They cannot process antigen or present it to TFH cells o They undergo phagocytosis by dendritic cells in the "light zone" o They die...
Question 15 3 pts Null mutations in which of the following would allow antigen receptor production but reduce junctional diversity? Ligase O AID Tdt Rag2 Rag1 Question 16 3 pts What happens to centrocytes that have high-affinity (tightly binding) antigen receptors after somatic hypermutation? They receive survival signals from TFH cells They cannot process antigen or present it to TFH cells They undergo phagocytosis by dendritic cells in the "light zone" They die by apoptosis
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS FULLY AND CORRECTLY 5-1 T cells recognize antigen when the antigen a. forms a complex with membrane-bound MHC molecules on another host-derived cell b. is internalized by T cells via phagocytosis and subsequently binds to T-cell receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum c. is presented on the surface of a B cell on membrane-bound immunoglobulins d. forms a complex with membrane-bound MHC molecules on the T cell e. bears epitopes derived from proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. 5-2 a....
True or False: Somatic hypermutation strengthens the memory response against a known pathogen. Select one: O O True False True or False: Large amounts of high affinity IgG are produced during the primary response to infection. Select one: O True O False True or False: The T-cell zone exists in the germinal center of the primary follicle. Select one: O O True False True or False: An example of T-cell Independent-1 B-cell activation is lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interaction with both the...
Germinal centers arise within ______ after initial exposure to thymus dependent antigen in the lymph node A. 7-10 days B. 24 hours C. 1 month D. 1 hour Blood-borne antigen is filtered by the ______ A. Spleen B. Liver C. B Cells D. Heart 67. What is the most widely used carrier protein? A. flagellin B. antibiotics C. LPS D. BSA 68. Secondary response has a shorter _____ A. Clonal selection B. Lag period C. Ab secretion D. TLR 69....
This pathway to complement activation can be initiated by several different signals including the properdin/factor P activation pathway The classical pathway The alternative pathway Lectin pathway All of the above The mechanism that permits Ig to be synthesized in either a membrane-bound or secreted form is: Allelic exclusion Codominant expression The one-turn/two-turn joining rule Differential RNA processing Which of the following allows for recombination in the V(D)J coding regions? IL-2b TdT RAG-½ All of the above Generation of combinatorial diversity...
Answer both of them with explaination please A B-cell may be activated by: Another B-cell O A cytotoxic T-cell A TFH cell A natural killer T-cell Question 7 3 Which costimulatory receptor on T cells promotes T cell activation following the binding of the T cell receptor to the MHC/peptide complex? CD8 B7 CD28 CD3 CD4
Question 3 1 pts Which of the following immunological activities does NOT occur at sites of infection during an immune response? opsonization of bacteria killing of infected cells by effector T cells Activation of T cells by antigen-presenting cells O phagocytosis by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? MHC-II ; alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2 domains MHC-II ; present on all body cells MHC-I ; antigen binding site is composed of alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains MHC-II ; presents extracellular antigens from pathogens or other non-self proteins MHC-I ; presents intracellular antigens from viruses or degraded self-proteins MHC-I ; presents antigen to cytotoxic T cells MHC-I ; alpha 1,2,3 domains and beta macroglobulin MHC-II ; presents antigen to T helper cells...