Question

5. What is ethnocentrism? 6. Please identify any 5 aspects international business managers should keep in mind when communicating with non-native speakers. 7. How does Zaleznik's differentiate managers and leaders? 8. Please identify any 4 characteristics when selecting international business managers.

Answer 1

Answer 1- We all has a nature where we think that our group or the place where we are living is dominant over those people who are new to it. It is one of the things which we must deny but is the comprehensive part of our daily lives. Similarly, in a business organization where we are working and any new person join as part of the team, we treat them as we own this place or where we believe that we are superior to them. Ethnocentrism is a trust in your own culture's supremacy. It's that many people are defined against their own cultural values. Cultural blind places are associated with ethnocentrism. Blind spots arise where differences are not understood by variations in cultural systems in our behavior, our values and those of others. Ethnocentrism can extend in other countries to products and services. If a group of customers are strongly ethnocentric, for example, they would rather purchase domestic goods than foreign or multinational goods. This will give good impact to the domestic business and will be beneficial if priority would be given to local products or customers but when the business comes to expand its wings this approach becomes a cons to the economy of the company.

Answer 2- Communication is the only way to deal with people and it plays a vital role in exercising one’s duty. There is some aspect which should be considered while communicating with non-native person:-

- The successful contact approach begins with the assumption that the message sender and the message receiver are from diverse cultures and backgrounds. Naturally, this induces some confusion and complicates interactions even more. It could be important for individuals, without joining cultures and sub-cultures, that a clear awareness of cultural differences is the key to successful cross-cultural communications.

- It is necessary for workers of diverse cultures to cultivate tolerance and learn to improve their understanding of these cultures. Which includes being able to understand that the attitudes and responses of one's own are always culturally influenced and that they are culturally appropriate even if they do not suit our own.

- Many people actually enjoy the knowledge and work difficult to grasp the various needs and methods used to accomplish specific goals. However, if that isn't, led by example and make it clear that a course of transparency, empathy and recognition must be pursued.

- In cross-cultural contact, make concerted efforts to preserve direct, quick and indisputable the correspondence.

- Since physical communications are not possible during any dire situations, in such case use of technology would be effective and gives an impression where both the parties would seem interested in taking part.

Answer 3- Zaleznik differentiate between managers and leaders in following ways:-

1. The role of the leader is legitimized by his supporters and they affect others by encouraging optimism, auto efficiency, ambition and a collection of human values consistently. Whereas, Managers allow people to work together by presenting them with shared goals, common principles, the right environment, continuous preparation and improvement and adapting to change.

2. Method driven managers, consistency and power hunters, problem solvers and the organizational design are concerned. In the other side, leaders accept disorder, inspire and investigate problems, and revolt mainly against practice.

3. Managers strive to be instinctual problem solvers who spend their time on seeking solutions for corporate priorities, capital, and processes. That is why managers are more rational, disciplined, informed, knowledgeable, reliable, and consistent and hard-minded in their practices compared to leaders.

4. Leaders offer guidance and help for individuals, while managers have the tools and predict outcomes.

Answer 4- Management is founded on the philosophy, values and activities of business. Business executives who work internationally need to be well-informed about the dynamics of host corporate cultures. Thus, there are certain characteristics which should be there in international managers:-

1. A professional business executive is mindful of systemic shifts in management and in determining salaries, pensions, strategic campaigns and long and short term goals for workers.

2. A strong manager must be agile, change strategy and behavior while also leading and directing the organization in the right direction. A multinational company leadership is instrumental in responding rapidly to a large spectrum of market issues.

3. Managers must develop strong working pattern with people to assist them in their jobs.

4. Promoting an equitable and constructive climate will improve innovation leadership. Leader should welcome input and suggestions, in particular from people with different views from their own.

5. To evolve to be a global leader implies aiming for an improvement in accountability and incentives through the reach of your current role.