Question

Provide some examples. How does the concentration of glucose effect insulin secretion?

Answer 1

                                                                      Answer-

According to the given question-

We know that for normal functioning, the Human body is dependent on normal blood glucose levels, the blood glucose level is regulated by several neuropeptides as well as hormones, secreted from liver, brain, pancreas, intestine as well as from the muscle cells and adipose tissue.

The pancreas control blood glucose level, when the blood glucose level is low, it secretes glucagon and increases the blood glucose level, but when the blood glucose level is high, it secretes insulin which reduces the blood glucose level to a normal range. the pancreas is an exocrine as well as an endocrine gland because it secretes several digestive enzymes including trypsinogen, amylase, and pancreatic lipase, and also secretes pancreatic hormones.

Following cells are present in the Pancreas and secrete hormones-

1. alpha or α-cells - secretes glucagon,
2. Beta or β-cells -secretes amylin, insulin, and C-peptide
3. Gamma or γ-cells- amylin pancreatic polypeptide
4. Delta or δ-cells - amylin somatostatin
5. Eta or ɛ-cells - amylin ghrelin

Somatostatin secreted from the Delta or δ-cells inhibits the release of both, hormones glucagon from the alpha or α-cells as well as insulin from the Beta or β-cells. exocrine and endocrine secreted from the pancreas are regulated by the pancreatic polypeptide.

Homeostasis of Glucose - During the night, when we sleep, or time between meals, the blood glucose level is generally low, and then the glucagon is secreted from the α-cells of the pancreas, which promotes several phenomena such as- hepatic renal gluconeogenesis, hepatic glycogenolysis, and hepatic gluconeogenesis, responsible for increasing the blood glucose levels.

When we take a meal, then the insulin is secreted from the β-cells of the pancreas, because of stimulus due to the presence of high glucose in the blood, then the hormone insulin promotes glucose uptake to muscle tissue and adipose tissue and decreases the blood glucose level. insulin causes glycogenesis, a process of glycogen formation, as well as lipogenesisor formation of lipid or fatty acids

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Pancreas also interact with brain, liver, gut, muscle tissue as well as adipose tissue, through several neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines.