Question

how is hormone alteration related to diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Blood sugar levels in our body are controlled by insulin and glucagon which are secreted by beta and alpha cells respectively in the pancreas.

Insulin helps in maintaining glucose levels by increasing the consumption of glucose, making glucose accessible to the cells by attaching itself to cell receptors. Hence during high blood glucose levels, insulin is secreted from the beta cells and it directs the movement of glucose into the cells. The excess glucose is converted by the liver into glycogen.

Glucagon hormone exercises opposite control. It works in low glucose levels, instructing liver to break down glycogen into glucose so that it can be available in the blood.

When insulin production is affected the glucose level in blood remains high causing hyperglycemia which is also called diabetes. The glucagon production alteration causes hypoglycemia which is low blood sugar levels in the body.