Question

7. compare and contrast acute, chronic, and latent viral (or nonviral) infections. Include duration of symptoms, rate of viral replication, transmissibility, and presence of host antibodies.

8. compare and contrast bacterial and viral culture methods and identify what makes viral cultivation especially challenging.

Answer 1

(7) Acute infection: Rapid onset, active virus replication, with specific adaptive immune responses. (overactive immune response can tissues change H1N1 example)

Chronic: Initial similar to acute, virus do not clear, initial robust immune response maintains a higher overall activation stat (increased systemic cytokine levels)

Latent infection: Minimal impression of viral genes, absence of lytic replication and infectious vision production (Herpes). Viral DNA maintained as on episome.

Viral Cell Culture
Inner wall coated with monolayer of cells lines covered with liquid maintenance media
Three basic types of cell lines:
Primary cell lines — directly from animal organ into culture tube (Rhesus monkey kidney-RMK)
Diploid cell lines— Can survive 20 — 50 passes into new vials — human diploid fibroblast cells, example: MRC-5-Microbiology Research Council 5
Continuous cell lines — can survive continuous passage into new vials, usually of tumor lineage, HEp-2 and HeLa