Homework Answers
|
Ras/MAPK pathway |
PI3K/AKT pathway |
|
|
Activation of Pathway |
Binding of signalling molecule to the receptor on the cell surface |
PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane |
|
Molecules Involved |
Ras (a Small GTPase) MEK MAP3K (e.g., Raf), MAP2K, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) Myc (transcription factor) |
PI3K AKT |
|
Consequence of Activation |
Communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell. |
Regulates the cell cycle and therefore, it directly controls cellular quiescence, proliferation, cancer, and longevity. |
Differences:
- Ras/MAPK pathway accepts signal from the surface of the cell while PI3K/AKT pathway is an intracellular signalling pathway
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Outline the differences between the Ras/MAPK pathway and the PI3K/Akt pathway. How are these pathways activated?...
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type answers What are activated Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTKs)? What is the GTPase Ras and how...
type answers
What are activated Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTKs)? What is the GTPase Ras and how are Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTK) involved? What is Akt? I
2A. Using the figure below, label and describe how Raskets activated (define GEF and GAP in...
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Create a metabolic pathway map that shows what happens to a glucose molecule that enters a muscle cell and becomes metabolized to lactate (in Oz-depleted muscle). Follow the lactate through the Cori cycle, and show how it ultimately gets converted to a glucose molecule that can once again enter the muscle cell. In addition, show how the glucose may be stored as glycogen, and mobilized from glycogen in both liver and muscle. Also show how pyruvate gets converted to acetyl-CoA...
-Describe how trimeric G proteins get activated and inactivated - Name the two common second messengers In what signaling pathways do these messengers get activated (Yes, you do need to know the names of the key players in the pathway!)? What can the second messenger then do? What two criteria are needed for activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase? -Describe how monomeric Ras is activated and what does Ras do upon activation. (Again, you must know the signaling pathway)
-Describe...
Classes 7-8 Cytoplasmic Growth Signaling Be able to describe Ras structure and function. What kind of protein is it? How is it regulated (Fig. 5.30)? How many forms of Ras do humans express? Be able to describe how Ras interacts with multiple downstream partners. What mechanisms render ras oncogenic? Also, how does Ras become oncogenic in the absence of ras mutations? Be able to describe how Ras interacts with the growth factor receptor signaling machinery. How did fly genetics help...
type answers
What are activated Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTKs)? What is the GTPase Ras and how are Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTK) involved? What is Akt? I
2A. Using the figure below, label and describe how Raskets activated (define GEF and GAP in your answer) C -GTP 23. Describe two points at which the signaling of Ras can be dysregulated to allow Ras to be constitutively activated, allowing continuous signaling to downstream effectors. 5 2C. Briefly, Describe one of the following two pathways downstream of activated Ras (PI3K/PTEN or Raf/MEK/ERK), describing how that specific pathway promotes cancer by discussing each schematic P Rat MAP3K 3 PMEKUZ MAP2K...
Differentiate between the normal cellular actions / functions of a tumor suppressor and a protooncogene. Using p53 and Ras as specific examples, describe one of the pathways each are involved in (can be a specific pathway or a more general type of pathway). Explain what type of mutation, for each protein, would lead to disruption of the pathway. Finally, explain how disruption of this pathway could lead to cancer. You can use the chart below to answer the question tumor...
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