Question

Could you help me with this textbook question. A brief explanation would help.

1.) Carbon atoms generally form four covalent bonds with other atoms.

a.) Could you explain the statement above, referring to the valence electrons of a carbon atom.

b.) Could you explain how a carbon atom may bond to only 3 other atoms but still fulfill the requirement of having 4 bonds.

Answer 1

① Excited canson Carbon in state G.s. in 202 202 One s- osbital excited state underbart hy beidized orbital to fous so bonds with 15 28 2p3 and there l orbitals of carbon an hybridization to form four sp3 which will be utilized to farm the soul atoms, as shown below.

Spa bond ③ Carbon in hybridized orbital by keeping one excited state instead of faining, sps undocroes 3, sp2 hybridized orbital l orbital unhybridized. spe hybridized orbital. The unkybeidized p-orbital of carbon atom sideway overlapping with the neighbouring p-orbital forming an extra P-bond as shown. form a atoms # Cm 6- bond. 2 + ( to bond overlapping of sideway p orbital form a bond. This is how one carbon atom forms four bonds with only 3 atoms if one pi-bond & 36-bonds.
thank you vmuch....