How is the ETC ‘coupled’ to ATP production?
What does an ‘uncoupler’ do?
What is an ROS? How are we protected from them?
The basic mechanism of ATP production is based on chemo osmotic theory. In this a elecrochemical gradient is build across membrane by proton transfer and then this electrochemical gradient is coupled to ATP synthase enzyme that transport 3 hydrogen ion for production of one ATP molecule.
Coupled reaction means that the electron flow is tightly regulated such that each step is perfectly done. But in presence of some chemicals such as that can alter membrane permeability and can cause alternative pathway of proton flow. This alternative path for flow of Proton leads
rapid disruption of electrochemical gradient. This leads to uncoupling of proton flow and ATP production.
2)An uncoupler basically provide an alternative pathway for proton flow.
3)Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen. In a biological context, ROS are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. These ROS are capable of cousing cancer,is the cause of ageing process, male infertility etc
Enzyme such as Superoxide dismutase Catalyse reaction that converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and Oxygen.Catalase enzyme concentrated in peroxysomes Located next to mitochondria (peroxisome are highly variable in composition)
How is the ETC ‘coupled’ to ATP production? What does an ‘uncoupler’ do? What is an...
1.What does an uncoupler do? 2.Cyanide is a potent poison and can cause rapid death in humans. Explain its mechanism! 3.Explain the coupling between the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Include a description of the mechanism of ATP synthase PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
ATP -> ADP is often coupled with ________ reactions, whereas ADP -> ATP is often coupled with ________ reactions. Select all that apply. Which of the molecules shown below has the highest potential energy in its bonds? Select only ONE answer choice You run a research laboratory at ASU that researches diseases related to cellular respiration. You’re particularly interested in a disease where patients present as very lethargic because they can’t produce enough ATP. In this particular case, it appears...
what is ATP synthase and how does it work to generate ATP
can you please explain and answere these short answeres. it is from biochem. 14. Given diagram of Succinate to Fumarate to Malate to Oxaloacetate and you have to add the cofactors and products (NOT enzymes). 15. a) Given diagram of Succinyl CoA to Succinate and you have to add the cofactors, products, AND the enzyme. b) What is the specific name of this type of reaction? 16. What is the role of ATP synthase in relation to the Chemiosmotic theory?...
Specifically explain how ETC/ATP synthase generates 28-34 ATP (with respect to electron carrier molecules) and how the entire process of aerobic glucose metabolism generates 32-38 ATP
WHAT IS THE ENERGY YIELD FOR pyruvate oxidation ? (SUCH AS ATP, NADH ETC ) NOT PRODUCTS, WHAT IS THE PATHWAYS ENERGY YIELD? EXPLAIN PLEASE.' WHAT IS THE ENERGY YIELD FOR citric acid cycle ? (SUCH AS ATP, NADH ETC ) NOT PRODUCTS, WHAT IS THE PATHWAYS ENERGY YIELD? EXPLAIN PLEASE. WHAT IS THE ENERGY YIELD FOR Fatty acid beta-oxidation ? (SUCH AS ATP, NADH ETC ) NOT PRODUCTS, WHAT IS THE PATHWAYS ENERGY YIELD? EXPLAIN PLEASE.
6. What replenishes ATP? 7. Of the energy stored in glucose bonds, how much is transformed to ATP? ATP is a: a) carb b) amino acid c) nucleotide d) enzyme 8. How much energy is released as ATP breaks down to ADP + Pi? 9. In what process is ADP regenerated to ATP ? 10. In what organelle does the answer above occur in? 11. Explain the coupled reaction of ATP: Use the diagram below to help you. Car The...
Discuss ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis; How do cells obtain the energy to synthesize ATP? Why do cells hydrolyze ATP? What do cells do with released energy obtained from the hydrolysis of ATP?
Please explain why as well. 4. On average, how many ATP molecules are synthesized per NADH? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 5. The FADH2 that is produced donates its electrons directly to A. Complex I B. Complex III C. Complex IV D. Coenzyme Q E. Cytochrome C F. O2 6. In the Binding Change Mechanism the 3 conformational states that occur in the F1 subunit of ATP synthase depend on A. interaction with b subunits...
A) How does an uncoupler disrupt oxidative respiration? 1. Preventing reduction of O2 2. Stopping the flow of electrons through the ETS 3. inhibit oxidation w/o affecting phosphorylation 4. making the membrane permeable to protons B) Which of the following molecules does NOT participate in the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? 1. lipoic acid 2. CoA-SH 3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. phosphoenolpyruvate