Question

Humans produce energy in the form of ATP in their cells. They must have both oxygen and glucose for aerobic cellular respiration.

Questions:

- Describe all of the organ systems that would be necessary for this process to be successful.

- Insulin is a hormone that signals muscle and liver cells to open channels to allow glucose to enter into the cell for storage and use. Identify the organ system that would be responsible for producing insulin and the type of cell communication that might be necessary.

- In type 1 diabetes, the production of insulin does not occur. In Type 2 diabetes, there are two things that can occur - there is a problem with the receptors not attaching to the insulin or the insulin is no longer being produced in sufficient quantities. Explain what is happening to the energy levels in a diabetic person, even though most of their systems are functioning normally.

Answer 1

The organ systems of the human body :

1) Nervous system

2) Digestive system

3) Integumentary system

4) Endocrine system

5) Muscular system

6) Reproductive system

7) Respiratory system

8) Excretory system

9) Circulatory system

Humans produce energy in the form of ATP in their cells which require both oxygen and glucose for aerobic cellular respiration.

Glucose is the end product obtained from the food source which needs to be digested. Therefore, digestive system is necessary.

The glucose is absorbed from small intestine and enter the blood stream to reach cells in different parts of the body. Therefore, circulatory system is necessary.

To produce insulin in order to allow glucose into the cell, endocrine system is necessary.

Oxygen is required for aerobic cellular respiration which is obtained through respiratory system.

Muscular system is required as the aerobic respiration also occurs in muscles to produce ATP.

All the above process involves signals where the level of glucose in the blood is sensed, release of hormones and enzymes are controlled by nervous system

Insulin is a hormone that signals muscle and liver cells to open channels to allow glucose to enter into the cell for storage and use. Identify the organ system that would be responsible for producing insulin and the type of cell communication that might be necessary.

Insulin is released by pancreas which is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. Therefore, endocrine system is involved.

And, the type of cell communication is endocrine signalling as insulin is carried by bloodstream.

In type 1 diabetes, the production of insulin does not occur. In Type 2 diabetes, there are two things that can occur - there is a problem with the receptors not attaching to the insulin or the insulin is no longer being produced in sufficient quantities. Explain what is happening to the energy levels in a diabetic person, even though most of their systems are functioning normally.

Glucose is not made available to cells as there is a problem with the receptors not attaching to the insulin or the insulin is no longer being produced in sufficient quantities. Therefore, cells have to get alternative energy source where fat is used. The stored fat is used to get energy so the diabetic person losses weight and feels energy deprived.