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In the carburizing process the steel piece was exposed, at an elevated temperature (900 °C), to...
A plate of iron is exposed to a carburizing (carbon-rich) atmosphere on one side and a...
A plate of iron is exposed to a carburizing (carbon-rich) atmosphere on one side and a decarburizing (carbon-deficient) atmosphere on the other side at 700℃. If a condition of steady-state is achieved, calculate the diffusion flux of carbon through the plate if the concentrations of carbon at positions of 5 and 10 mm beneath the carburizing surface are 1.2 and 0.8 ??/?^3, respectively. Assume a linear concentration profile and a diffusion coefficient of 3 × 10−11 ?^2/? at this temperature.
In carburizing an alloy that initially has a uniform carbon concentration of .25 wt% and is...
In carburizing an alloy that initially has a uniform carbon concentration of .25 wt% and is to be treated at 1223 K, if the concentration of carbon at the surface is suddenly brought to and maintained at 1.20 wt%, how long will it take to achieve a carbon content of 0.80 wt% at a position of 0.5 mm below the surface? The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m 2 /s.
A large 0.55wt%C-steel piece is heated to 1052?C and exposed to oxygen-rich atmosphere. Thus, the steel’s...
A large 0.55wt%C-steel piece is heated to 1052?C and exposed to oxygen-rich atmosphere. Thus, the steel’s surface carbon concentration is maintained at 0wt%C (carbon-free). (This process is called decarburization). D=4.37x10^-11 m^2/s Determine the depth at which the carbon concentration reach 0.25wt% after a 10-hour decarburization treatment at 1052 C
6. (10) For a steel alloy at 900'C, it has been determined that a carburizing heat...
6. (10) For a steel alloy at 900'C, it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 8 hours will raise the carbon concentration to 0.35 W% at a point 0 mm from the surface. If the same steel is left in the furnace for 150 hours, to what depth below the surface will there be a carbon concentration of 0.35 wt%? Must show work and support any assumptions. Do = D exf toRT 10
6. (10) For a...
4) A piece of steel is to be hardened by nitrogen diffusion into its outer layer....
4) A piece of steel is to be hardened by nitrogen diffusion into its outer layer. The initial nitrogen content of the steel is 0.010 wt%, and the surface concentration (from an external nitrogen-rich gas) is to be maintained at 0.75 wt%. Goal: nitrogen content of 0.25 wt% at a position of 0.50 mm below the surface. Specify a minimum of three appropriate heat treatments (time and temperature combinations) for temperatures between 600°C and 850°C (use the minimum and maximum...
2 a) It is given that a carburizing heat treatment of 10-hour duration of a steel...
2 a) It is given that a carburizing heat treatment of 10-hour duration of a steel alloy will raise the carbon content to 0.45 wt% at a point 2.5 mm away from the surface. Compute the time required to get the same concentration at a 5.0-mm position from the surface at the same carburizing temperature for an identical steel alloy (Hint: The diffusion coefficient will be a constant for two identical materials at a given temperature). b) What is the...
Calculate D, diffusion coefficient in m^2/s at the soecified temperature tions Determine the carburizing time necess...
Calculate D, diffusion coefficient in m^2/s at the soecified
temperature
tions Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.47 wts at a position 2.1 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.13 wt%C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.1 wtC. and the treatment is to be conducted at 1180'C. Assume that Do -6,310ms and Q-113 kJ/mol. The table Tabulation of Error Function Values may be useful
please solve 2. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.40 wt% C is exposed to an...
please solve
2. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.40 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1325 K (1052°C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere-that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.25 wt% after a...
Please show work for problems 1-4 1. Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum,...
Please show work for problems 1-4
1. Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum, given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 500°C (773 K) is 7.57 x10m3. The atomic weight and density (at 500°c) for aluminum are 26.98 g/mol and 2.62 g/cm, respectively 2. What point defects are possible for Al,0, as an impurity in Mgo? How many Al ions must be added to form each of these defects? 3. A sheet of steel 4.5 mm thick...
C2. Depleting a steel of carbon using oxygen is termed decarburization. If an FCC iron-carbon alloy...
C2. Depleting a steel of carbon using oxygen is termed decarburization. If an FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.35 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and carbon-free atmosphere at 1127°C. The carbon concentration at the surface can be assumed to be at 0 wt% C. At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.15 wt% after a 10 hour treatment? The value of D at 1400 K is 6.9 x 10-11 m/s.
6. (10) For a steel alloy at 900'C, it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 8 hours will raise the carbon concentration to 0.35 W% at a point 0 mm from the surface. If the same steel is left in the furnace for 150 hours, to what depth below the surface will there be a carbon concentration of 0.35 wt%? Must show work and support any assumptions. Do = D exf toRT 10
6. (10) For a...
4) A piece of steel is to be hardened by nitrogen diffusion into its outer layer. The initial nitrogen content of the steel is 0.010 wt%, and the surface concentration (from an external nitrogen-rich gas) is to be maintained at 0.75 wt%. Goal: nitrogen content of 0.25 wt% at a position of 0.50 mm below the surface. Specify a minimum of three appropriate heat treatments (time and temperature combinations) for temperatures between 600°C and 850°C (use the minimum and maximum...
2 a) It is given that a carburizing heat treatment of 10-hour duration of a steel alloy will raise the carbon content to 0.45 wt% at a point 2.5 mm away from the surface. Compute the time required to get the same concentration at a 5.0-mm position from the surface at the same carburizing temperature for an identical steel alloy (Hint: The diffusion coefficient will be a constant for two identical materials at a given temperature). b) What is the...
Calculate D, diffusion coefficient in m^2/s at the soecified
temperature
tions Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.47 wts at a position 2.1 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.13 wt%C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.1 wtC. and the treatment is to be conducted at 1180'C. Assume that Do -6,310ms and Q-113 kJ/mol. The table Tabulation of Error Function Values may be useful
please solve
2. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.40 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1325 K (1052°C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere-that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.25 wt% after a...
Please show work for problems 1-4
1. Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum, given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 500°C (773 K) is 7.57 x10m3. The atomic weight and density (at 500°c) for aluminum are 26.98 g/mol and 2.62 g/cm, respectively 2. What point defects are possible for Al,0, as an impurity in Mgo? How many Al ions must be added to form each of these defects? 3. A sheet of steel 4.5 mm thick...
C2. Depleting a steel of carbon using oxygen is termed decarburization. If an FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.35 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and carbon-free atmosphere at 1127°C. The carbon concentration at the surface can be assumed to be at 0 wt% C. At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.15 wt% after a 10 hour treatment? The value of D at 1400 K is 6.9 x 10-11 m/s.
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