Question

The cliabenes melilinus is thue to either destruction of the cells that arerdat ucos of target cells to cireulating insulin. How woudd this affect insulin n the blodwy 5 A type of tumor in the pancreas called How would this affect the level of glucose in the blood? Would the overall effect that of type I diabetes mellitus? Why or whhy not? a glucagonoma produces and releases excess glucagon into the blood. on blood glucose difter from idism, patients have elevated levels of both T3 and T4 due to a malfunction of the the thyroid gland to overproduce thyroid hormones. Do you think the negative 6 In the condition hyperthyroi immune system that causes feedback loops would lead to high levels of TSH or low levels of TSH? Explain 7 In case 3 of Exercise 16-4 (p. 437), we saw that Professor Purple had insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH). However, the opposite condition can also occur in which excess ADH is present, called syndrome of inappropri ADH secretion. Predict the symptoms of this condition. Exploring Anatomy & Physiology in the Laboratory

Answer 1

1)

• Communication between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary occurs through hormones released by hypothalamus which causes anterior pituitary to release it's hormones
• Communication between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary occurs through neurosecretory cells that produce hormones which are packed in vesicles and transported through axons to the posterior pituitary
• So the functional difference between the two is that, posterior pituitary gland does not produce its own hormones but it houses the axonal terminals of hypothalamic neurons.it stores and releases the hormones produced by hypothalamus whereas anterior pituitary gland produces and secretes its own hormones

2)

• Excess parathyroid hormone causes excess of calcium in blood .this condition is called hypercalcaemia
• It causes weakening of bones, accumulation of kidney stones,affects heart rate etc

3) symptoms include:-

• High BP
• Increased heart rate
• Sweating
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Palpitations
• Weight loss

4)

• First condition is called type 1 diabetes mellitus. When the pancreatic cells called beta cells of islets of Langerhans are destroyed,it produces less or no insulin which causes increase in blood sugar level as the insulin is responsible for breakdown of glucose
• Second condition is called type 2 diabetes mellitus.it is caused by insulin resistance of insulin target cells.it causes increased insulin resistance and therefore reduced insulin secretion with time due to reduced beta cell mass.this causes increased blood sugar level.