Question

10. List and summarize the physiological roles of individual B vitamins in the body, name the consequences of deficiencies, and list their most important food sources.

11. Suggest foods that can help to ensure adequate vitamin intakes without providing too many calories.

12. Identify both valid and invalid reasons for taking vitamin supplements.

13. Describe the body’s water sources and routes of water loss, and name factors that influence the need for water.

14. Compare and contrast the health effects of various sources of fluid.

15. Discuss why electrolyte balance is critical for the health of the body.

16. Identify the major minerals important in human nutrition and their physiological roles in the body, the consequences of deficiencies, and their most important food sources. 17. Identify the trace minerals important in human nutrition and their physiological roles in the body, the consequences of deficiencies, and their most important food sources.

Answer 1

The detailed answer is provided in the following images.

10 Vitamin Source Chysiological Deficiency disease Beriberi 1.Thiamine Vit Bi Liver heart, едa yolk, egg yolk yeast, cereals, letuce, beans_ etc. 1. Acte ao b ашътя 8 (TPP) In decarboxylaliow 2. Riboflavin (Vit B2) Liver meat, 1. Acte as co-enzy fish, egg, milk, me (FAD or FAN) yeast, Sulse, of dehydrogenase soyabeans etc. 2. Mainbino - Skin & mucosa 1. Seborrheic dermatitis 2. Glossitis (Tongue inflammation 3. Niacin / liver, meat, Acts as coenzyme Pellagra. Nicotinic a fish, yeart NAD of dehydro- Cuit B3) legumes, cereals. genase and redu- clave en carsbohydrale and Lipid metabolism 4. Pyrodoxine liver, eggs, Acte ao coename 1. Germatitis (Vit B6) _yeast, green pyridoxal phosfanaté 2. Convolusion i vegetable etc. In amino acid in infant ! metabolism . 5. Pantothenic acid __ _ (vit Bs) peas etc! 6. Cyanocobal- amine (vit 612) liver egg, 1. Alli as a 1. Dermatitis milk, meat, prosthetic group 2. liceration potato , legume, in Coenzyme A 3. Muscle fatigue Meat , liver 1.formation of Parniciono Kidney, egg RBC. anaemia milk. 2. Helps in Synthesis of amino acid

On: 7. Vit Folie acid. Source Yeast Soyabean, Deficiency Macrocytic anaemia etc. Function 1. Helps in Synthesis of amino acid. 2. Helps in formation of ° 245 C. 8. Biotin _ liver, yeast, Kidney for metabolism of amino acid Dermatitis Fatique Nutrient dense foods are high in Nitennino but one has less eatorie. Most Vegetables are low in calorie like Chinese cabbage, Cucumbers, Spinach , celery Radishes, Bell-peppers etc Meats are also a good source of vitamin. Valid reasons:-1 the persono those who have mutrient defiencies should take vitamin supplemente (2) New born / Infante require vitam&n supplement 3 Pregnant mother y Eldery persons and individuals with Latose Pintolerahte should consume vit supplements Invalid reasons ) 4 someone fear that their food lacks nutrients 2) If one thinks wit supplemente will give - extra energy to cope up with stress, depression.

loss Body's Daler - Soft lissue brain, muscles Source contain fo- 804 Waler Bone conterino 25% water Routes of water : D By evaporation of sweat. 2 Through wine feces. 3 moisture of exhaled breath Body's need of water depends on rasiono external physical environmental factors. for eg - Air emperature The food we eat Humidity of air Altitude Activity level of the person. 14) Health effects of various sources of fluid :- Soft water - High in Sodium, dissolves Cadmium 1 Hand water - High in Calcium, Magnesium Private wells, Surface water can containa lot of contaminants micro-organioms this should be tested & filtered before noe Ground water is who some what safe as it is fillered I by seeping through the ground but may also contain contaminante wa Water from Home purifier are better option. . Electrolyte balance is very cutial for the health of body as body increase and decrease level can cause disease. Electrolyte balance control flow of water in our body & cool maintains proper 15

amount of fluid in every body conepartment. This balance is maintained by varions hormonal system (ADH hormone of our body Major Minerale Mineral Sodium Two) Source Function Deficiency symptom. Salt, salted fish, l. Excetibility of li Dehydration pickles, cheese, tissue a. fall of ECE butter, vegetable 2. Os moregulation volume I 3. Blood pressure blood pressure a. Extra-cellular Huid balance (ECF) etc I Poltassium (K) Beef, pork i 1. Excitibility of lissue Chicken dates 2. Acid-base balance banana orange 3. Intra-cellwar fluid balance Milk, Cheese, 1. formation of teeth Curd, hard water bones. Carrot, pulses . 2. Growth 3. Coagulation 4. muscle contraction Increased heart rate, renal damage polyuria! Ricket Osceomalacia, kerana I Calcium L a ) tetany Chlorine Same as ao Na, K Associated with Na deficiency 1. Osmotic presure fluid balaney 2. Blood pressure. 3. formation of gastric HCl. 1. Bone growth enzyme action 2 . Reduces newro muscular Irritability Magnesium Vegetables, Cereals, nuts, beans Neuro тша шаң hyperexcita- bility

tunelion Function Deficiency Mineral Phosphorus Malformation of bones, teeth Source Same as Formation of Calclum. Bone, teeth, phospholipid nucleoprotein , ATP, Coenzyme. Protein rich Formation of food, meat, Body protein , fish, egg hormone, coenzyme pulse Soyabean . Keratin of half nail etc. Poor growth Sulphur Associated with protein deficieney. I Source Trace FIABIB Minerals I Minerals Function Deficiency Iron. Liver, meat, Formation of Anemia . egg yolk legumes, Hamoglobin, nuts, flour ête . myoglobin L Copper freem leafy In Action of some Rare. vegetable nule, enzyme Anemia legumes, fish. Horvaat.com _ depigmentation L Todine Sea fish , Synthesis of Hypothyroidism. thyroid hormone I lobalt Food Containing i formation of vit B12, Pernicions Vit B12 erythropoietin, - Anemia RBC 1 Zine. Legumes, maize, 1. Helps in action of lettuce a fish etc. some enzyme, hormone Rare. 2. reprogluchen . 3. growth of skin Contacts Other trace minerals are live Manganese, Molybdenum