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6) On the tree shown, the numbers represent 7 different species. a) Which pair of species is more closely related: 4 and 5 or

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a)Ans: In this case, both 4 and 5, 5 and 7 are closely related. Since both have two ancestors (branch point). But based on phylogenetic distance 5 and 7 are more closely related.

b)Ans: 1 and 2 are more closely related than 2 and 7. Since the distance between 1 and 2 is less as compared to 2 and 7

c)Ans: 3 and 5 are more closely related than 2 and 4. As for 2 and 4, there were three ancestors (branch point), but for 3 and 5 there were two ancestors (branch point).

d)Ans: 3,5 and 7 also belongs to polyphyletic group.

e)Ans: 5 and 6 belongs to polyphyletic group.

f)Ans: A monophyletic taxon or group is one that includes a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor.

The monophyletic group in the above tree is;

1) 5,6,and 7

2) 3/4 and 5/6/7

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