Question

ESSAY format pls. List and describe 5 phases of respiration.

Answer 1

* Breathing (1) Breathe in through your nose and mouth Sinuses warm and moisten the arr you breathe. The hair and mucus in your nose helps to trap dust and germs to prevent them from entering your lungs Breathing consists of two processes Inspiration and expiration when the diaphragm contracts, it flattens the most lunge expand, araming air into the lungs When it relaxes, air flows cut, allowin lungs to deflate. * Gas exchange Diffusion of gases (0, and CO2) across the alveolay membarane Alveoli are the primary sites of Exchange of guses - es and con are exchanged in these sites by simple. diffusion merinly based on pressure /concentration gradienis Solubility as well as thickness of the membranes. involved in diffusion are also come important factors. that can affect the rate of diffusion. & Gas Transport (in) Transport of gases by blood Blood is the medium of transport for On and co.. 97% O, is transported by RBCs in the blood. The remaining 3 percent of O₂ is carries in a dissolved state through plasma Nearly 20 -25% of car is transported. by RBC6 where as 70% of it is carried as bicarbonate About 7% of con is carried in a dissolved state throuah plasma. * Gas exchange. (1) Diffusion of O2 and co2 between blood and tissues o bind with the haemoglobin in a reversible manney to

form cay haemoglobin In alveoli the factors are favourable for formation of oxy haemoglobin where as in tissues tow PO₂, high play, high Hi concentration and higher temperature exist the condition for dissociation of a xy go from oxyhaemoglobins CO2 is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobis. When poo, is high and poz is low in tissues more binding of con occurs At the tissue site where partial pressure of cay is high due to catabolism, coa diffuses into blood and forms HCO3 and Ht, thus co2 trapped as bicarbonate at tissue level. * Cellular Respiration -) extilisation of Oz by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of co.. Mechanism of breakdown of food matenal, within the cell to release energy, and the trapping of this energy for synthesis of ATP The stages of cellular respiration, include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Korebs cyple, and oxidative phoshorylation.

Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions.

The 5 phases of respiration are ;

Breathing
Gas exchange through trachea
Gas transport along bronchioles
Gas exchange in blood
Cellular respiration